Videolaryngoscopy use before and after the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: The report of the VL-iCUE survey with responses from 96 countries.

Background: The potential benefit of videolaryngoscopy use in facilitating tracheal intubation has already been established, however its use was actively encouraged during the COVID-19 pandemic as it was likely to improve intubation success and increase the patient-operator distance.

Objectives: We sought to establish videolaryngoscopy use before and after the early phases of the pandemic, whether institutions had acquired new devices during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether there had been teaching on the devices acquired.

Design: We designed a survey with 27 questions made available via the Joint Information Scientific Committee JISC online survey platform in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese and Portuguese.

Critical Care Management of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Certainties and Unknowns.

Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is frequently required in patients with decompensated cirrhosis for organ support. This entity, known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), is associated with high short-term mortality. ICU management of ACLF is complex, as these patients are prone to develop new organ failures and infectious or bleeding complications.

Genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats of a rooster comb extract rich in sodium hyaluronate.

The toxicity of a rooster comb extract (IB0004) that contains mainly sodium hyaluronate was assessed in acute and subchronic studies and in a bacterial reverse mutation assay. In a single dose acute study, male and female rats were administered 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the product and observed for 14 days. No mortality was recorded, thus it was considered that the minimum lethal dose for rats by oral route was greater than 2000 mg/kg bw.

Prevention of future incidents and investigational lines.

All radiation devices in use nowadays are subject to cause serious incidents and accidents, with potential risks in exposed population groups. These risks may have immediate or long term health implications. The detection of radioactive incidents is a procedure that should be systematized in economically developed societies.

Radio imaging of the very-high-energy gamma-ray emission region in the central engine of a radio galaxy.

The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus.

Observation of pulsed gamma-rays above 25 GeV from the Crab pulsar with MAGIC.

One fundamental question about pulsars concerns the mechanism of their pulsed electromagnetic emission. Measuring the high-end region of a pulsar's spectrum would shed light on this question. By developing a new electronic trigger, we lowered the threshold of the Major Atmospheric gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope to 25 giga-electron volts.

Very-high-energy gamma rays from a distant quasar: how transparent is the universe?

The atmospheric Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope MAGIC, designed for a low-energy threshold, has detected very-high-energy gamma rays from a giant flare of the distant Quasi-Stellar Radio Source (in short: radio quasar) 3C 279, at a distance of more than 5 billion light-years (a redshift of 0.536). No quasar has been observed previously in very-high-energy gamma radiation, and this is also the most distant object detected emitting gamma rays above 50 gigaelectron volts.

Variable very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar LS I +61 303.

Microquasars are binary star systems with relativistic radio-emitting jets. They are potential sources of cosmic rays and can be used to elucidate the physics of relativistic jets. We report the detection of variable gamma-ray emission above 100 gigaelectron volts from the microquasar LS I 61 + 303.

In vivo genotoxic evaluation of the furylethylene derivative 1-(5-bromofur-2-yl)-2-nitroethene in mouse bone marrow.

The genotoxic potential of the compound 1-(5-bromofur-2-yl)-2-nitroethene (2-βNF) has been tested by using the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. Its ability to induce clastogenicity or aneugenicity, through the induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in the bone marrow cells has been evaluated. Treatment groups of five CD-1 male mice were administered once intraperitoneally at the doses of 10, 20, and 30mg/kg, and their bone marrows were sampled at 24 and 48h after the administration, at the first sampling time animals administered with the three doses were used, and in the second sampling time, only animals administered with the highest dose were used.

Cytosolic levels of neuron-specific enolase in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.

To study the behavior and possible correlations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) with other clinicobiological parameters, we measured the cytosolic levels of this marker by means of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in 95 squamous cell lung carcinoma samples. We also analyzed the levels of pS2, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), hyaluronic acid (HA), free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), CYFRA 21.1 and CA 125 in cytosol.

VIP and PACAP receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase in human lung cancer: a study in biopsy specimens.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are important neuropeptides in the control of lung physiology. Both of these commonly bind to specific G protein coupled receptors named VPAC(1)-R and VPAC(2)-R, and PAC(1)-R (with higher affinity for PACAP). VIP and PACAP have been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and tumor growth.

The mutagenic potential of the furylethylene derivative 2-furyl-1-nitroethene in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.

The compound 2-furyl-1-nitroethene (G-0) has been tested to determine its ability to induce clastogenic or aneugenic effects in vivo, through the induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in mouse bone marrow. Groups of five CD-1 male mice were administered once intraperitoneally at a dose range of 5-20 mg/kg and bone marrow was sampled at 24 and 48 h after the treatment. G-0 was dissolved in corn oil, thus a vehicle control group received only corn oil at 10 ml/kg.

Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in human lung.

VIP and PACAP are distributed in nerve fibers throughout the respiratory tract acting as potent bronchodilators and secretory agents. By using RT-PCR and immunoblotting techniques, we have previously shown the expression of common VIP/PACAP (VPAC(1) and VPAC(2)) and specific PACAP (PAC(1)) receptors in human lung. Here we extend our aims to investigate by immunohistochemistry their localization and distribution at this level.

Expression, pharmacological, and functional evidence for PACAP/VIP receptors in human lung.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) type 1 (PAC(1)) and common PACAP/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) type 1 and 2 (VPAC(1) and VPAC(2), respectively) receptors were detected in the human lung by RT-PCR. The proteins were identified by immunoblotting at 72, 67, and 68 kDa, respectively. One class of PACAP receptors was defined from (125)I-labeled PACAP-27 binding experiments (dissociation constant = 5.

[The treatment of tracheobronchial ruptures: a review of 6 cases].

Tracheobronchial ruptures represent a serious pathology difficult to diagnose at the first examination. The authors review 6 cases: four as acute types with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema with a delay in diagnosis of 3.25 days, meanwhile 2 cases were chronic forms with a delay in diagnosis of 124.

Ocular tolerance of sertaconazole gel.

The in vitro and in vivo tolerance of sertaconazole gel, a new topical azole antifungal, was studied. Ketoconazole gel (Panfungol) was used as a reference substance. The methods applied for tolerance assessment were the bovine corneal opacity and permeability test for the in vitro assay and a modified Draize test for the in vivo assay.

[An epidemiological study on the relations of patients with hydatid disease. A high-risk population?].

A serological study was undertaken by means of indirect hemagglutination (IHA) in 57 households of eleven patients with confirmed pulmonary hydatidosis (by serology and surgical procedure). Serum samples from 40 blood donors were used as control group. The IHA positivity rates were 90.

[Therapeutic alternatives in complicated nonsurgical pulmonary aspergillomas].

We present 2 patients with pulmonary aspergilloma complicated by massive hemoptysis who were not good candidates for surgery and were treated with intracavitary amphotericin B after arterial embolization failed. In spite of the size of the mycetomas, response to treatment was excellent with full regression of the aspergilloma after 3 to 4 weeks; precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus became negative and the fungus disappeared from transcatheter aspirate samples. Massive hemoptysis was controlled with epsilon-amino-caproic acid instilled by catheter.

Bronchovascular mucormycosis: an urgent surgical problem.

The case of a 70-year-old male with lymphoblastic leukemia is reviewed, who presented the rare and almost always fatal complication of pulmonary mucormycosis, but who was treated satisfactorily with amphotericin B and surgery. The risk of massive hemoptysis in the course of mucormycosis that invades the lung vessels, makes us believe that surgery is an essential part of the management of this disease. It is suggested that the patient be operated as soon as the diagnosis is obtained, as we did in our case, to avoid other risks in combined management with amphotericin B.

[Primary sternal hemangiosarcoma].

We describe a 22-year-old man with a bone mass in the middle and lower third of the sternum with no signs of respiratory deterioration. After biopsy by incision established a diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma, appropriate resection and repair of the thoracic wall was scheduled. An adequate amount of tissue for analysis must be obtained to allow choice of a surgical technique that will assure the best prognosis in malignant tumors of the sternum and assignation of the most appropriate mechanical ventilation procedure.

Thoracotomy in patients over 70 years old.

One hundred cases of patients aged 70 yrs or older, who had undergone surgical intervention for a thoracic pathology between 1981 and 1990, were reviewed. The mean age was 73 yrs, and bronchial cancer the most frequent aetiology (55%). A systematic detailed study before surgery is recommended in the these patients, who have the highest operative risk, and whom we should try to treat most conservatively.

Prognostic factors in pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer.

Surgery represents the first-choice treatment to manage pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer when the primary tumor has been controlled and there is no evidence of metastatic spreading to any other organ. In our experience on 13 patients, we obtained a survival at 5 years of 23%. The average number of metastases resected was 2.