The intensive physical activity causes changes in the composition of gut and oral microbiota.

This study aimed to compare the gut and oral microbiota composition of professional male football players and amateurs. Environmental and behavioral factors are well known to modulate intestinal microbiota composition. Active lifestyle behaviors are involved in the improvement of metabolic and inflammatory parameters.

Direct oral and fiber-derived butyrate supplementation as an anti-obesity treatment via different targets.

Background & Aims: Butyric (one of the short-chain fatty acids), a major byproduct of the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (e.g. fiber), is supposed to have anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties.

Reduction in the Free Androgen Index in Overweight Women After Sixty Days of a Low Glycemic Diet.

Background: Hyperandrogenism is among the most common endocrine disorders in women. Clinically, it manifests as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. A healthy lifestyle, including nutritious dietary patterns and physical activity, may influence the clinical manifestation of the disease.

Determinants of the microbiome spatial variability in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The sinus microbiome in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is considered homogenous across the sinonasal cavity. The middle nasal meatus is the recommended sampling site for 16S rRNA sequencing. However, individuals with unusually high between-site variability between the middle meatus and the sinuses were identified in previous studies.

Alterations in intestinal Archaea composition in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease based on next-generation sequencing - a pilot study.

Intestinal dysbiosis can lead to the induction of systemic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease Although archaea are part of the commensal microbiota, they are still one of the least studied microorganisms. The aim of our study was the standardization of the optimal conditions and primers for sequencing of the gut archaeome using Next Generation Sequencing, and evaluation of the differences between the composition of archaea in patients and healthy volunteers, as well as analysis of the changes that occur in the archaeome of patients depending on disease activity. Newly diagnosed patients were characterized by similar archeal profiles at every taxonomic level as in healthy individuals (the dominance of at the class level, and at the genus level).

Changes in the gut mycobiome in pediatric patients in relation to the clinical activity of Crohn's disease.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that in Crohn's disease (CD), the gut microbiota is of great importance in the induction and maintenance of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Until recently, studies have focused almost exclusively on bacteria in the gut. Lately, more attention has been paid to the role of intestinal fungi.

miRNA Signature of Urine Extracellular Vesicles Shows the Involvement of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Processes in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of urine-derived extracellular vesicles (uEVs) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: UEVs were characterized by size distribution and microRNA content by next-generation small RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results: A subset of sixteen miRNAs enriched in T2DM patients with DKD, including hsa-miR-514a-5p, hsa-miR‑451a, hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-214, or hsa-miR‑503 was identified.

New insights into diversity of the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its relationship with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: The effects of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection on the composition of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota are yet to be established, and more attention to this topic is needed.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the bacterial profile and the possible association between the URT microbiota composition and the SARS‑CoV‑2 viral load.

Patients And Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 60 adult patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection who were divided into 3 groups based on the quantification cycle (Cq) value in the quantitative polymerase chain reaction test: group I (n = 20), Cq lower than or equal to 31 (high replication rate); group II (n = 20), Cq greater than 31 and lower than 38 (low replication rate), and group III (n = 20), Cq higher than or equal to 38 (virus eliminated from the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells).

"Impact of preoperative gastrointestinal microbiota on weight-loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a pilot study ".

Background Information: In recent years the composition of gut microbiome has been linked to development of several diseases. The goal of the following study was to establish whether it is connected to the outcome of bariatric surgery. The objective was to analyze the oral and gut microbiota of patients suffering from morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

Comparison of iSeq and MiSeq as the two platforms for 16S rRNA sequencing in the study of the gut of rat microbiome.

Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) regions is a culture-free method used to identify and analyze Procaryota occurring within a given sample. The prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene contains conserved regions and nine variable regions (V1-V9) frequently used for phylogenetic classification of genus or species in diverse microbial populations. This work compares the accuracy and efficacy of two platforms, iSeq and MiSeq from Illumina, used in sequencing 16S rRNA.

Changes in the Composition of Oral and Intestinal Microbiota After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass and Their Impact on Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery.

Background: We aimed to assess the changes in composition of bacterial microbiota at two levels of the digestive tract: oral cavity and large intestine in patients 6 months after bariatric surgery.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study including patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Before surgery and 6 months after the procedure, oral swabs were obtained and stool samples were provided.

The Role of the Western Diet and Oral Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.

The type of diet not only affects the composition of the oral microflora but is also one of the more critical factors associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, PD. This study compared diet preferences and oral microbiota profiles in patients with PD vs. healthy controls.

The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Monoamine Oxidase B, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and DOPA Decarboxylase Receptors Among Patients Treated for Parkinson's Disease.

This study aimed to investigate the association between selected variants of genes related to dopamine metabolism pathways and the risk of and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This prospective cohort study was conducted in one academic teaching hospital. The study was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Differences in the Composition of Gut Microbiota between Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Controls: A Cohort Study.

Gut microbiome and colonic inflammation can be associated with the predisposition and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The presented study aimed to compare gastrointestinal microbiota composition between patients diagnosed with PD and treated only with Levodopa to healthy controls. In this prospective study, patients were recruited in 1 academic hospital from July 2019 to July 2020.

Non-IgE Mediated Hypersensitivity to Food Products or Food Intolerance-Problems of Appropriate Diagnostics.

The diagnosis of food intolerance is tricky due to the different etiologies of adverse reactions. There is also a lack of clear rules for interpreting alternative tests used to diagnose these problems. The analyses of IgG4 concentration in serum or cytotoxic tests became the basis of elimination diets.

Mutation search within monogenic diabetes genes in Polish patients with long-term type 1 diabetes and preserved kidney function.

Introduction: Some patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are free from advanced complications despite long‑standing disease. These patients may be carriers of gene mutations responsible for maturity‑onset diabetes of the young and may have been misdiagnosed with T1DM.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with long‑term T1DM, without advanced microvascular complications, and with well‑preserved kidney function.

Differences in Compositions of Oral and Fecal Microbiota between Patients with Obesity and Controls.

The aim of this study was to compare the differences in compositions of oral and fecal bacterial microbiota between patients with morbid obesity and normal-weight controls. This was a prospective cohort study. The study included group 1 (patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m) and group 2 (patients with BMI from 18.

Does Postoperative Oral and Intestinal Microbiota Correlate with the Weight-Loss Following Bariatric Surgery?-A Cohort Study.

The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to verify if, six months after bariatric surgery, patients who achieve satisfying weight-loss after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have a different composition of oral and intestinal microbiota in comparison with those who do not. This prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2018 and November 2020.

A case of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI in a polish family. Importance of genetic testing and genotype-phenotype relationship in the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis.

Background And Objectives: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient enzymatic activity of -acetyl galactosamine-4-sulphatase, which is caused by mutations in the arylsulphatase B () gene. To date, 163 different types of mutations in the have been reported. However, the full mutation spectrum in the MPS VI phenotype is still not known.

The utility of MODY Probability Calculator in probands of families with early-onset autosomal dominant diabetes from Poland.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) accounts for 1-2% of all diabetes cases. Unfortunately, circa 90% of MODY cases are misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. A proper genetic diagnosis based on automatic sequencing is crucial for the use of a tailored treatment.

A decision algorithm to identify patients with high probability of monogenic diabetes due to HNF1A mutations.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of biomarkers of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory features to improve diagnostic accuracy and provide a diagnostic algorithm for HNF1A MODY.

Methods: We examined 77 patients with HNF1A MODY, 88 with GCK MODY mutations, 99 with type 1 diabetes, and 92 with type 2 diabetes. In addition to 1,5-AG and hsCRP, we considered body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and fasting serum C-peptide as potential biomarkers.