WFDC3 sensitizes colorectal cancer to chemotherapy by regulating ATM/ATR kinase signaling pathway.

Chemoresistance is an ongoing challenge for colorectal cancer (CRC) that significantly compromises the anti-tumor efficacy of current drugs. Identifying effective targets or drugs for overcoming chemoresistance is urgently needed. Our previous study showed that WFDC3 served as a tumor suppressor that hindered CRC metastasis.

Copy number amplification-induced overexpression of lncRNA LOC101927668 facilitates colorectal cancer progression by recruiting hnRNPD to disrupt RBM47/p53/p21 signaling.

Background: Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are pivotal in cancer progression and patient prognosis. Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), modulated by SCNAs, significantly impact tumorigenesis, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the functional significance of lncRNAs induced by SCNAs in CRC remains largely unexplored.

Chinese Medicine in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: From Potential Targets and Mechanisms to Clinical Application.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health challenge necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. There is an increasing trend toward the clinical application of integrative Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine approaches. Chinese herbal monomers and formulations exert enhanced antitumor effects by modulating multiple signaling pathways in tumor cells, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance, inhibiting metastasis, and regulating immunity.

Integrated profiling identifies DXS253E as a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that DXS253E is critical for cancer development and progression, but the function and potential mechanism of DXS253E in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance and explored the underlying mechanism of DXS253E in CRC.

Methods: DXS253E expression in cancer tissues was investigated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Long-term health-related quality of life in patients with gastric cancer after total or distal gastrectomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

Background: Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) and is accompanied by potential deterioration in patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). As an important indicator of the psychosocial burden, HRQOL has become an essential endpoint to evaluate the efficacy and impact of cancer treatment. We examined longitudinal changes in HRQOL among patients with LAGC receiving total gastrectomy (TG) or distal gastrectomy (DG) over time.

A stop-gain mutation in GXYLT1 promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer via the MAPK pathway.

Genomic instability plays a key role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although cancer driver genes in CRC have been well characterized, identifying novel genes associated with carcinogenesis and treatment remains challenging because of tumor heterogeneity. Here, we analyzed the genomic alterations of 45 samples from CRC patients in northern China by whole-exome sequencing.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Undergoing Perioperative or Postoperative Adjuvant S-1 Plus Oxaliplatin With D2 Gastrectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Some high-quality clinical trials have proven the efficacy and safety of perioperative and postoperative S-1 with oxaliplatin (peri-SOX and post-SOX) for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) undergoing D2 gastrectomy. However, little is known about how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) changes over time in patients receiving peri-SOX or post-SOX chemotherapy.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort (NCT04408859) identified 151 eligible patients with LAGC who underwent D2 gastrectomy with at least six cycles of peri-SOX or post-SOX chemotherapy from 2018 to 2020.

Downregulation of STK25 promotes autophagy via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in colorectal cancer.

Autophagy plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Our previous study suggested that serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) regulates aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Glycolysis modulates cellular autophagy during tumor growth; however, the role of STK25 in autophagy remains unclear.

Monitoring Pre- and Post-Operative Immune Alterations in Patients With Locoregional Colorectal Cancer Who Underwent Laparoscopy by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry.

Surgical excision is currently the principal therapy for locoregional colorectal cancer (CRC). However, surgical trauma leads to controlled tissue damage, causing profound alterations in host immunity and, in turn, affecting post-operative outcomes. Surgery-induced immune alterations in CRC remain poorly defined.

Genome-wide circular RNA (circRNA) and mRNA profiling identify a circMET-miR-410-3p regulatory motif for cell growth in colorectal cancer.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a non-coding RNA molecule that lacks polyadenylated tails and is highly stable, abundant, and conserved in human cells. CircRNAs can serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge microRNAs (miRNA) and block their effects on target mRNA expression. CircRNAs also have possible relevance to cancer and therefore may be considered as ideal biomarkers for monitoring cancer progression.

Comparison of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery vs. surgery alone for locally advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in advanced gastric cancer, but the effects on safety and survival are still controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the overall survival and short-term surgical outcomes between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACS) and surgery alone (SA) for locally advanced gastric cancer.

Methods: Databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were explored for relative studies from January 2000 to January 2021.

Quadruple-editing of the MAPK and PI3K pathways effectively blocks the progression of KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells.

Mutated KRAS promotes the activation of the MAPK pathway and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway strongly attenuates the efficacy of MAPK suppression in KRAS-mutated CRC. The development of a novel strategy targeting a dual pathway is therefore highly essential for the therapy of KRAS-mutated CRC.

Surgical and oncological efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy versus open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer by propensity score matching: a retrospective comparative study.

Purpose: The application of laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) for resectable gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial compared with open total gastrectomy (OTG), especially for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients according to the inconsistent results demonstrated in the previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes between LATG and OTG in a population with more than 80% AGC patients by applying propensity score matching (PSM) method.

Methods: The data of 365 clinical stage I-III GC cases who underwent total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy were retrospectively collected from January 2011 to April 2018 in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV of Peking University Cancer Hospital.

Genomic profiling of colorectal cancer with isolated lung metastasis.

Background: Metastasis is a major cause of failed colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. While lung metastasis (LM) is observed in 10-15% of patients with CRC, the genetic mechanisms that cause CRC to metastasize to the lung remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we employed whole exome sequencing (WES) of primary CRC tumors and matched isolated LM lesions to compare their genomic profiles.

Phenotype molding of T cells in colorectal cancer by single-cell analysis.

The majority of patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) do not benefit from the immunotherapies directed at rescuing T-cell functions. Therefore, complete understanding of T-cell phenotypes and functional status in the CRC microenvironment is desirable. Here, we applied single-cell mass cytometry to mold the T-cell phenotype in 18 patients with MSS CRC for better understanding of CRC as a systemic disease and to search for tumor-driven T-cell profile changes.

Clonality and heterogeneity of metachronous colorectal cancer.

Patients with metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) have been diagnosed with primary CRC more than once. Given that the genetic and microenvironment is the same in these cases, metachronous CRC is an important model for studying colorectal tumorigenesis. We performed whole exome sequencing of seven freshly frozen tumors from three patients with metachronous CRC and compared their genetic profiles.

Short-term surgical outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted versus open D2 distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer in North China: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although laparoscopic surgery has been recommended as an optional therapy for patients with early gastric cancer, whether patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC) could benefit from laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with D2 lymphadenectomy remains elusive due to a lack of comprehensive clinical data. To evaluate the efficacy of LADG, we conducted a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial to compare laparoscopy-assisted versus open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for AGC in North China.

Methods: In this RCT, after patients were enrolled according to the eligibility criteria, they were preoperatively assigned to LADG or ODG arm randomly with a 1:1 allocation ratio.

Expression of Micro-RNA-492 (MiR-492) in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines is Upregulated by Transfection with Wild-Type P53, Irradiation, and 5-Fluorouracil Treatment In Vitro.

BACKGROUND The status of p53 is critical to the chemoradiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. Wild-type p53 is essential to orchestrate the cellular response to cytotoxic stimuli. Our previous data illustrated that cervical cancer patients whose specimens overexpressed microR-492 (miR-492) were highly sensitive to concurrent chemoradiation.

KIF14 promotes cell proliferation via activation of Akt and is directly targeted by miR-200c in colorectal cancer.

As a mitotic kinesin, kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) has been reported to serve oncogenic roles in a variety of malignancies; however, its functional role and regulatory mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In the present study, KIF14 was observed to be markedly overexpressed in CRC, and this upregulation was associated with tumor size and marker of proliferation Ki-67 immunostaining scores. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were applied to identify the function of KIF14 in CRC progression.

STK25-induced inhibition of aerobic glycolysis via GOLPH3-mTOR pathway suppresses cell proliferation in colorectal cancer.

Background: Serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) is critical in regulating whole-body glucose and insulin homeostasis and the accumulation of ectopic lipids. The Warburg effect, also known as aerobic glycolysis, is an essential metabolic characteristic of cancer cells. However, the effects of STK25 on aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells remain unexplored.

Comparison of EpCAMCD44 cancer stem cells with EpCAMCD44 tumor cells in colon cancer by single-cell sequencing.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for tumorigenesis and cancer relapse. EpCAMCD44 tumor cells are putative colorectal CSCs that express high levels of stem cell genes, while the EpCAMCD44 population mostly contains differentiated tumor cells (DTCs). This study aims to determine whether single CSC (EpCAMCD44) and DTC (EpCAMCD44) can be distinguished in terms of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs).

Clinical significance of circulating immune cells in left- and right-sided colon cancer.

Background: Left-sided and right-sided colon cancers (LCCs and RCCs, respectively) differ in their epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic and epigenetic alterations, molecular pathways and prognosis. Notably, immune response gene expression profiles have been shown to differ between patients with LCC and patients with RCC. The immune system plays an important role in tumor immunosurveillance, and there is increasing evidence that peripheral blood immune cells have a profound influence on tumor prognosis.

Multi-region and single-cell sequencing reveal variable genomic heterogeneity in rectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with complex molecular subtypes. While colon cancer has been widely investigated, studies on rectal cancer are very limited. Here, we performed multi-region whole-exome sequencing and single-cell whole-genome sequencing to examine the genomic intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of rectal tumors.