Göttingen Minipigs as a Model for Assessing the Impact of Drugs on the Gut and Milk Microbiota-A Preliminary Study.

Background: Early gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis can affect a child's health and has been linked to the onset of pathologies later in life. Breast milk is recognized as a major driver of the structure and dynamics of an infant's GM. In addition to nutritious and prebiotic compounds, milk contains a microbiota that is shaped by several maternal factors, including gut microorganisms and medications.

Development and Characterization of a Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Model for the Blood-Milk Barrier-A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.

It is currently impossible to perform an evidence-based risk assessment for medication use during breastfeeding. The ConcePTION project aims to provide information about the use of medicines during lactation. The study aimed to develop and characterize an in vitro model of the blood-milk barrier to determine the extent of the milk transfer of xenobiotics, relying on either on human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs) or immortalized cell lines derived from breast tissue.

Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction linked to myxomatous mitral valve degeneration explored by PBMCs metabolism analysis.

Impaired mitochondria cause an impressive decrease in ATP production becoming a common condition of cardiovascular diseases. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. By a non-invasive procedure of metabolism analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we exploit ex-vivo studies that directly constitute a translational approach to evaluate the cell bioenergetics.

Osteoinductive and regenerative potential of premixed calcium-silicate bioceramic sealers on vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells.

Aim: The osteogenic potential of new premixed calcium-silicate-containing bioceramic sealers (Ca-Si sealers) was tested with porcine vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells (pVW-MSCs).

Methodology: Two Ca-Si-containing sealers: Ceraseal (MetaBiomed, Cheong-si, South Korea) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Maruchi, Wonju-si, South Korea), and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) as a control, were prepared according to the manufacturers' indications. All samples were allowed to set for 100% of their setting time in a sterile humid cabinet at 37°C and 95% relative humidity.

Isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cells derived from Göttingen Minipigs: A comparative study versus hybrid pig cells from the IMI-ConcePTION Project.

The value of pig as "large animal model" is a well-known tool for translational medicine, but it can also be beneficial in studying animal health in a one-health vision. The ConcePTION Project aims to provide new information about the risks associated with medication use during breastfeeding, as this information is not available for most commonly used drugs. In the IMI-Conception context, Göttingen Minipigs have been preferred to hybrid pigs for their genetic stability and microbiological control.

Isolation of Vascular Wall Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Thoracic Aorta of Adult Göttingen Minipigs: A New Protocol for the Simultaneous Endothelial Cell Collection.

Two main classes of perivascular multipotent populations have been described: the microvascular pericytes and the vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells (VW-MSCs). VW-MSCs are isolated from large vessels in many species and they participate in vascular remodeling together with other cellular components such as endothelial cells. Considering that the Göttingen Minipigs are widely used in Europe as a translational model in the field of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of the present research was to isolate VW-MSCs from the adult aorta of Göttingen Minipigs while preserving and also collecting endothelial cells.

Expression of cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) and cannabinoid-related receptors (TRPV1, GPR55, and PPARα) in the synovial membrane of the horse metacarpophalangeal joint.

Background: The metacarpophalangeal joint undergoes enormous loading during locomotion and can therefore often become inflamed, potentially resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). There are studies indicating that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulates synovium homeostasis, and could be a promising target for OA therapy. Some cannabinoid receptors, which modulate proliferative and secretory responses in joint inflammation, have been functionally identified in human and animal synovial cells.

Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model.

The first weeks of life represent a crucial stage for microbial colonization of the piglets' gastrointestinal tract. Newborns' microbiota is unstable and easily subject to changes under stimuli or insults. Nonetheless, the administration of antibiotics to the sow is still considered as common practice in intensive farming for pathological conditions in the postpartum.

Anticancer activity of an Artemisia annua L. hydroalcoholic extract on canine osteosarcoma cell lines.

Since ancient times, Artemisia annua (A. annua) has been used as a medicinal plant in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In addition, recent studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of A.

Cellular Metabolism and Bioenergetic Function in Human Fibroblasts and Preadipocytes of Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy.

LMNA mutation is associated with type-2 familial partial lipodystrophy (). The disease causes a disorder characterized by anomalous accumulation of body fat in humans. The dysfunction at the molecular level is triggered by a lamin A/C mutation, impairing the cell metabolism.

Targeting the Essential Transcription Factor HP1043 of : A Drug Repositioning Study.

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens are a very challenging problem nowadays. is one of the most widespread and successful human pathogens since it colonizes half of the world population causing chronic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-lymphoma, and even gastric adenocarcinoma. Moreover, it displays resistance to numerous antibiotics.

Influence of Dietary Supplementation with and on Performance and Blood Biochemistry in Free-Range Leghorn Laying Hens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with Boswellia serrata (Bs) and Salix alba (Sa) in Leghorn hens during the critical pre-laying and laying phases. A total of 120 pullets, 17 weeks of age, were assigned to two groups (Control—C; Treated—T, n = 60 each). For 12 weeks, the T group received a diet supplemented with 0.

Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Large Animal Models of Ischemic Cardiomyopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Stem-cell therapy provides a promising strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. In recent years, numerous studies related to this therapeutic approach were performed; however, the results were often heterogeneous and contradictory. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials, reporting the use of stem-cell treatment against acute or chronic ischemic cardiomyopathies in large animal models with regard to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF).

Seaweed Supplementation Failed to Affect Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome as Well as Fecal IgA and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Adult Dogs.

The present study investigated in dogs the dietary effects of intact seaweeds on some fecal bacterial populations and metabolites, fecal IgA and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Ten healthy adult dogs were enrolled in a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square design to evaluate five dietary treatments: control diet (CD); CD + ; CD + ; CD + ; CD + ( replicates per treatment = 10). Seaweeds were added to food at a daily dose of 15 g/kg.

Definition of the Binding Architecture to a Target Promoter of HP1043, the Essential Master Regulator of .

HP1043 is an essential orphan response regulator of orchestrating multiple crucial cellular processes. Classified as a member of the OmpR/PhoB family of two-component systems, HP1043 exhibits a highly degenerate receiver domain and evolved to function independently of phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the HP1043 binding mode to a target sequence in the promoter ().

Development of a Pig Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Model as a Non-Clinical Tool for Studying Epithelial Barrier-A Contribution from the IMI-ConcePTION Project.

The ConcePTION project aims at generating further knowledge about the risks related to the use of medication during breastfeeding, as this information is lacking for most commonly used drugs. Taking into consideration multiple aspects, the pig model has been considered by the consortium as the most appropriate choice. The present research was planned to develop an efficient method for the isolation and culture of porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells (pMECs) to study the mammary epithelial barrier in vitro.

Relationship between serum concentration, functional parameters and cell bioenergetics in IPEC-J2 cell line.

The foetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration could influence functional parameters of IPEC-J2 cells. IPEC-J2 is a non-transformed continuous epithelial cell line that represents an established in vitro model to study porcine gut inflammation and alterations of intestinal integrity. This cell line also represents a good translational model thanks to the high similitudes between pig and human gastrointestinal tract.

Doxorubicin treatment modulates chemoresistance and affects the cell cycle in two canine mammary tumour cell lines.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in both human and veterinary oncology although the onset of multidrug resistance (MDR) in neoplastic cells often leads to chemotherapy failure. Better understanding of the cellular mechanisms that circumvent chemotherapy efficacy is paramount. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of two canine mammary tumour cell lines, CIPp from a primary tumour and CIPm, from its lymph node metastasis, to exposure to EC50 DOX at 12, 24 and 48 h of treatment.

Expression of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 During Colon Volvulus in the Horse.

Large colon volvulus in horses is associated with a poor prognosis, especially when ischemic-reperfusion injury of the affected intestinal tract develops. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and expression of PAR in colonic pelvic flexure of horses spontaneously affected by large colon volvulus (CVH group).

Barrier Effect of a New Topical Agent on Damaged Esophageal Mucosa: Experimental Study on an ex vivo Swine Model.

Purpose: AL2106 is a new medical device based on a mixture of chondroitin sulphate in a xyloglucan and glycerol solution made to maximize its bioadhesive capability to the esophageal mucosa. The aim of the present study was twofold to evaluate the AL2106 protective effect on the esophageal mucosa when exposed to an acidic solution mimicking gastric reflux and to assess the resilience of this effect to saline washing.

Materials And Methods: A porcine ex vivo model was used and the effects of the new medical device were compared to a sodium alginate suspension (SAS) already present on the market which was assumed as reference.

(Kunth) Govaerts Leaf Extract Influences Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis on Primary Cultures of Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells.

(Kunth) Govaerts is an endemic species in Ecuador, where it is used as an anti-inflammatory plant to treat respiratory and digestive affections. In this work, effects of a ethanolic extract (CTEE), prepared from aerial parts of the plant, were investigated on vascular endothelium functions. In particularly, angiogenesis activity was evaluated, using primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs).

Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor NaHS on Porcine Vascular Wall-Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is now considered not only for its toxicity, but also as an endogenously produced gas transmitter with multiple physiological roles, also in maintaining and regulating stem cell physiology. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of a common HS donor, NaHS, on porcine vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells (pVW-MSCs). pVW-MSCs were treated for 24 h with increasing doses of NaHS, and the cell viability, cell cycle, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated.

Initial ontogeny of digestive enzymes in the early life stages of captive-bred European eels during fasting: A partial characterization.

The European eel has recently been included on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a critically endangered species. The rearing of Anguilla larvae is seen as a key bottleneck to the mass production of glass eels since very little ecological information is available regarding their natural nutrition. Studies of digestive physiology and ontogenetic development in eel larvae could provide useful information for solving some of the puzzles regarding larval fish culture.