Estimating life expectancy and years of life lost for autistic people in the UK: a matched cohort study.

Background: Previous research has shown that people who have been diagnosed autistic are more likely to die prematurely than the general population. However, statistics on premature mortality in autistic people have often been misinterpreted. In this study we aimed to estimate the life expectancy and years of life lost experienced by autistic people living in the UK.

Autism in England: assessing underdiagnosis in a population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data.

Background: Autism has long been viewed as a paediatric condition, meaning that many autistic adults missed out on a diagnosis as children when autism was little known. We estimated numbers of diagnosed and undiagnosed autistic people in England, and examined how diagnostic rates differed by socio-demographic factors.

Methods: This population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data from IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD) compared the prevalence of diagnosed autism to community prevalence to estimate underdiagnosis.

[Medico-legal framework for emergency care of a patient with psychiatric conditions].

The care and referral of patients with psychiatric conditions is a perilous process. It combines the need for care with respect for individual freedom. Knowledge of the different legal frameworks is thus necessary for psychiatric care at the request of a third party, care without request of a third party within the framework of a procedure for imminent danger, and finally for the injunction of psychiatric care on the decision of a State representative.

[Physical restraint of the adult patient with uncontrollable agitation].

In the context of psychiatric emergencies, it is important to distinguish between so-called controllable agitation and uncontrollable agitation. In this context, physical restraint of the adult patient is sometimes necessary, but remain an exceptional measure. Restraints must be applied rapidly and in a protocolised manner.

: The experience of eating disorder services from the perspective of autistic women, parents and healthcare professionals.

This study explores autistic women's experiences of eating disorder services. About 20%-30% of people with anorexia nervosa are also autistic, and current treatments seem not to work as well for them. We interviewed 15 autistic women with experience of anorexia nervosa, 12 parents of autistic women with anorexia nervosa, and 11 healthcare professionals working in eating disorder services.

"For Me, the Anorexia is Just a Symptom, and the Cause is the Autism": Investigating Restrictive Eating Disorders in Autistic Women.

Autistic women are overrepresented among people in treatment for Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The current study aimed to: (1) better understand how AN develops and persists in autistic individuals from the perspective of autistic women, parents and healthcare professionals; (2) derive a theoretical model of restrictive eating difficulties in autism. We conducted 44 semi-structured interviews and used Thematic Analysis to identify patterns of meaning across the data.

Personal decision-making criteria related to seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1) influenza-vaccination acceptance among French healthcare workers.

Background: Influenza-vaccination rates among healthcare workers (HCW) remain low worldwide, even during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. In France, this vaccination is free but administered on a voluntary basis. We investigated the factors influencing HCW influenza vaccination.

Five-year follow-up investigation of bone mineral density by age in premenopausal elite-level long-distance runners.

Objective: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) by age in premenopausal elite long-distance runners at 2 time points, 5.02 ± 0.5 years apart.

Daily L-leucine supplementation in novice trainees during a 12-week weight training program.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of daily oral L-leucine ingestion on strength, bone mineral-free lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat mass (FM) of free living humans during a 12-wk resistance-training program.

Methods: Twenty-six initially untrained men (n = 13 per group) ingested either 4 g/d of L-leucine (leucine group: age 28.5 ± 8.

The effect of energy balance on endocrine function and bone health in youth.

Female athletes are susceptible to both disordered eating and menstrual cycle disturbances (MCDs). Disordered eating in combination with high energy expenditure from exercise can lead to energy deprivation. Current theories suggest that MCDs are caused by energy deprivation rather than by exercise alone.

Regulation of reproductive function in athletic women: an investigation of the roles of energy availability and body composition.

Exercise associated reproductive dysfunction in women is attributable to deficits of readily available energy

Effects of acute creatine loading with or without carbohydrate on repeated bouts of maximal swimming in high-performance swimmers.

The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) to an acute creatine (Cr) loading regimen has been shown to increase muscle total creatine content significantly beyond that achieved through creatine loading alone. However, the potential ergogenic effects of combined Cr and CHO loading have not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to compare swimming performance, assessed as mean swimming velocity over repeated maximal intervals, in high-performance swimmers before and after an acute loading regimen of either creatine alone (Cr) or combined creatine and carbohydrate (Cr + CHO).

Energy balance, bone turnover, and skeletal health in physically active individuals.

Over the past 20 years, there have been a growing number of reports of low bone mineral density (BMD) or premature bone loss in individuals with a high physical activity level. These skeletal problems have been documented mainly in underweight women with amenorrhea and have often been linked to a sex hormone deficiency. However, sex hormone treatment has been shown to have limited efficacy for the prevention or treatment of low BMD in such women.

Annual changes of bone density over 12 years in an amenorrheic athlete.

Purpose: To link annual changes of bone mineral density (BMD) over 12 consecutive years to pharmacological intervention and to fluctuations of body mass and body composition in an amenorrheic athlete.

Methods: BMD of the lumbar spine (LS) and total proximal femur (PF) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), every 11-13 months between ages 24.8 and 36.

Bone density, body composition and menstrual history of sedentary female former gymnasts, aged 20-32 years.

Few studies have examined the effects of retirement from sports involving regular, high impact and weight bearing activity on bone mass. This cross-sectional study compared total body and regional areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm(2)) within female former gymnasts and women who had never participated in structured sport or exercise, and explored relations between aBMD of these former gymnasts and their duration of retirement. Eighteen sedentary female former gymnasts (GYM) and 18 sedentary controls (CON) were recruited.

Differences in bone density, body composition, physical activity, and diet between child gymnasts and untrained children 7-8 years of age.

Strategies that enhance the acquisition of bone mass may be protective against osteoporosis. BMD was compared in 20 artistic gymnasts (10 boys; 10 girls) and 20 untrained children ages 7-8 years. Higher regional values of BMD were observed in female gymnasts than untrained girls.

Comparative value of Doppler echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea.

Objectives: We compared the accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) assay with Doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis of decompensated congestive left-heart failure (CHF) in patients with acute dyspnea.

Background: Both BNP and Doppler echocardiography have been described as relevant diagnostic tests for heart failure.

Methods: One hundred sixty-three consecutive patients with severe dyspnea underwent BNP assay and Doppler echocardiogram on admission.

Responses of bone turnover markers to repeated endurance running in humans under conditions of energy balance or energy restriction.

Distance running in humans has been associated with both positive and negative effects on the balance of bone remodelling. There is evidence to suggest that the negative effects may be linked to a failure to balance energy expenditure with an adequate energy intake. Energy restriction is known to reduce the synthesis and serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which plays an important role in bone formation.

[Resistance to therapy in primary nephrotic syndrome: effect of MDR1 gene activity].

MDR1 gene encodes for a transmembranous glycoprotein, gp-170, which acts as a drug export pump and is also a cyclosporine(CsA)-binding protein. This study aimed at evaluating MDR1 expression in NS sensitive(S) and resistant(R) to therapy (steroids/S/, cyclophosphamide/C/, CsA) patients. Twenty six boys, 13 girls aged 3-8 years were included to the study.

Relation between bone turnover, oestradiol, and energy balance in women distance runners.

Objective: To explore relations between biochemical markers of bone turnover, indices of nutritional status, and serum oestradiol concentration in women distance runners.

Methods: Thirty three women distance runners of mean age (SD) 27.2 (1.