Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor of the Larynx.

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor with uncertain pathogenesis and lineage most commonly found in the lower and upper extremities. No reports exist of this tumor metastasizing, though local recurrence is common. To date, only approximately 100 cases have been reported.

Ultrasonic Pin Placement for Resorbable Rigid Fixation of a Thyroid Cartilage Fracture.

Objective: To present the first use of an ultrasonic pin resorbable plate fixation system for rigid fixation of a laryngeal fracture.

Methods: Presentation of a 20-year-old male with a high velocity injury to his neck, via a lacrosse ball, resulting in a displaced laryngeal cartilage fracture.

Results: Intraoperatively, a Poly-D, L-Lactic Acid (PDLLA) polymer plate was contoured in-situ, bridging the fracture, and secured with ultrasonically placed resorbable pins.

Malignant Transformation in Glottic Dysplasia Treated With Photoangiolytic LASER - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to characterize the rate of malignant progression among patients with laryngeal dysplasia treated with photoangiolytic laser and compare to prior systematic reviews of conventional surgical approaches.

Methods: OVIDMedline, Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar were searched, including terms related to patients with vocal fold dysplasia who were treated by angiolytic laser ablation. Some articles already known to authors or identified through hand searching were included.

DNA hypomethylation promotes transposable element expression and activation of immune signaling in renal cell cancer.

Recently, we reported that expression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We show that decitabine, a DNA hypomethylating agent, activates transposable element (TE) expression (LINE1 and ERVs ERV3-2 and ERV4700) and antiviral signaling to potentially enhance response to ICB in kidney cancer cell lines and primary cells. KO of RIGI and MDA5 dsRNA sensors attenuated activation of antiviral signaling associated with DNA hypomethylation, and RIGI and MDA5 IPs showed increased ERV binding with decitabine treatment.

Effect of melatonin treatment on oxygen consumption by rat liver mitochondria.

The objective of this study was to examine the in vivo effect of melatonin on rat mitochondrial liver respiration. Two experiments were performed: For experiment 1, adult male rats received melatonin in the drinking water (16 or 50 microg/ml) or vehicle during 45 days. For experiment 2, rats received melatonin in the drinking water (50 microg/ml) for 45 days, or the same amount for 30 days followed by a 15 day-withdrawal period.

[Role of uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 in energy balance, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Synergism with the thyroid].

Accumulation of fat in the tissues results from the balance between energy intake and expenditure. The thyroid hormones have long been known to be the main regulators of basal metabolism through its stimulation of oxygen consumption in cells. The discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and its unique activity of heat production and dissipation through the action of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) during cold stress, showed the relevance of this tissue for energy expenditure in lower mammals.

In vitro effect of melatonin on oxygen consumption in liver mitochondria of rats.

Objective: To examine the in vitro effect of melatonin on rat mitochondrial liver respiration.

Methods: Oxygen consumption by liver mitochondria was measured polarographically in the presence of one of the following Krebs' cycle substrates: Lsuccinate, DL-3- beta-hydroxybutyrate or L-malate. Respiratory velocities at rest (state 4) and during rapid respiration in the presence of substrate and adenosine diphosphate (state 3) were measured in the presence of 10 (-9)-10(-3) M concentrations of melatonin.

Mitochondrial respiration in muscle and liver from cold-acclimated hypothyroid rats.

The effects of long-term cold exposure on muscle and liver mitochondrial oxygen consumption in hypothyroid and normal rats were examined. Thyroid ablation was performed after 8-wk acclimation to 4 degrees C. Hypothyroid and normal controls remained in the cold for an additional 8 wk.

Brown fat thermogenesis in cold-acclimated rats is not abolished by the suppression of thyroid function.

The effects of long-term cold exposure on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in hypothyroid rats have been examined. Thyroid ablation was performed in normal rats after 2 mo of exposure to 4 degrees C, when BAT hypertrophy and thermogenic activity were maximal. After ablation, hypothyroid and normal controls remained in the cold for 2 additional months.

[Thyroid hormones, obesity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis].

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site for hormone-dependent (non-shivering) thermogenesis in response to cold in lower mammals. The hypothalamus controls the cold-induced BAT activation by stimulating the sympathetic nerves and the secretion of norepinephrine (NE) in BAT. Mediated by beta-3 noradrenergic receptor and in the presence of triiodothyronine (T3), NE promotes the synthesis of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1).

Modulation of liver mitochondrial NOS is implicated in thyroid-dependent regulation of O(2) uptake.

Changes in O(2) uptake at different thyroid status have been explained on the basis of the modulation of mitochondrial enzymes and membrane biophysical properties. Regarding the nitric oxide (NO) effects, we tested whether liver mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) participates in the modulation of O(2) uptake in thyroid disorders. Wistar rats were inoculated with 400 microCi (131)I (hypothyroid group), 20 microg thyroxine (T(4))/100 g body wt administered daily for 2 wk (hyperthyroid group) or vehicle (control).

Neuropeptide Y suppressed the T3-induced rise in brown fat mitochondrial respiration in hypothyroid rats.

It has been postulated that a cold-induced decrease in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) might disinhibit the sympathetic outflow that activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. The present work has assessed the interscapular BAT NPY and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations 7 days after surgical excision of the sympathetic nerves (Sx) of each BAT lobe in rats exposed to 4 degrees C or 24 degrees C during 24 h. In addition, the effects of NPY treatment on BAT oxygen (O2) consumption in normal and T3-treated hypothyroid rats was determined.

Effects of thyroxine on rat brown fat and muscle thermogenesis in the cold.

We studied whether the activation of rat brown adipose tissue (BAT) by cold exposure or by the administration of beta-3-noradrenergic agonist CGP-12177 could be prevented by the inhibition of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion. Hypothyroid rats were treated with replacement doses of T4, T4 plus iopanoic acid (IA) or T3. Groups of rats were placed at 4 degrees C for 24 h or kept at room temperature.

The in vivo effects of beta-3-receptor agonist CGP-12177 on thyroxine deiodination in cold-exposed, sympathectomized rat brown fat.

Objective: The effects of the beta-3-receptor agonist CGP-12177 on thyroxine (T4) deiodination in sympathectomized (SX) interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were assessed in 300 g body weight (BW) Wistar rats.

Design: Seven days after SX, groups of rats were implanted s.c.

[Zinc inhibits the in vitro conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in brown adipose issue].

The effect of in vitro addition of zinc sulphate on T4 deiodination in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats exposed to 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C temperature during 24 h, was studied. Animals were killed by cervical dislocation and BAT was immediately removed and homogenized in sucrose buffer (320 mM) containing HEPES (10 mM) pH 7.4.

Evidence suggesting that cadmium induces a non-thyroidal illness syndrome in the rat.

The effect of in vivo administration of cadmium chloride on the pituitary-thyroidal axis was assessed in 200 g body weight Wistar rats. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight was injected i.

Relative roles of the thyroid hormones and noradrenaline on the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue in the rat.

We have assessed the relative contribution of the thyroid hormones and noradrenaline (NA) on the calorigenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as indicated by GDP binding and O2 consumption of BAT mitochondria. Male Wistar rats of 200 g body weight were made hypothyroid with 131I. Groups of animals were injected s.

Changes induced by zinc on thyroxine deiodination by rat liver in vivo and in vitro.

The effects of in vivo administration or in vitro addition of zinc on 5'-deiodination of thyroxine (T4) and the concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in rat liver were studied in 200-240 g body weight male Wistar rats. Twelve rats were injected i.p.

Multicompartmental analysis of triiodothyronine kinetics in hypothyroid patients treated orally or intravenously with triiodothyronine.

Kinetic studies were performed with i.v. 125I T3 in four athyreotic women on two occasions each, once while they were taking oral T3 (30 micrograms T3 every 12 h) and again while on i.

Changes induced by cadmium administration on thyroxine deiodination and sulfhydryl groups in rat liver.

The effects of cadmium on 5'-deiodination of thyroxine (T4) by rat liver and on the hepatic concentration of non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) were studied in Wistar rats of 200-250 g body weight. A group of ten rats was injected with cadmium chloride (300 micrograms/100 g body weight i.p.

Epidermal growth factor stimulates thyrotropin secretion in the rat.

The present work studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the release of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) from perifused pituitary glands of 200-gram male Wistar rats. Each pituitary gland, cut into halves, was placed in a chamber of a perifusion system connected to a peristaltic pump which conveyed the perifusion medium (Medium 199, pH 7.3, Gibco, USA) from a reservoir to a chamber at a flow rate of 100 microliters/min.

Diphenylhydantoin stimulates the intrapituitary conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the rat.

Treatment of normal rats with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) decreases serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels without the anticipated rise in serum thyrotropin (TSH). The present work has studied the intrapituitary conversion of T4 to T3 in male Wistar rats, 200-250 g body weight (BW), treated with DPH 5 mg/100 g BW/day for 8 days. A tracer dose of 3',5'-[125I]T4 (150 microCi) was injected intravenously, and 2 h later hypophyses were removed and homogenized individually at 4 degrees C in ice-cold PBS buffer (pH 7.