Smart DNA nanogel coated polydopamine nanoparticle with high drug loading for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer.

A smart deoxyribose nucleic acid nanogel coated polydopamine nanosphere hybrid was designed for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer. The nanohybrid showed good colloid stability, narrow size distribution, high drug loading, good biocompatibility, and high photothermal conversion efficiency, and could release the drug on desired tumor sites.

Spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements and influencing mechanisms in Inner Mongolia, China.

Revealing the patterns and influencing mechanisms of spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements is crucial for rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, our limited understanding of the rural settlements in China's ethnic minority border areas has hindered the process of their agricultural and rural modernization. Based on data on rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, China in four periods between 1990 and 2020, this study reveals its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and describes the dynamic transformation process of settlement.

Linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses of sex-specific associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia.

Background: Observational studies have suggested a potential non-linear association between sleep duration and hyperuricemia. However, the causal nature and sex-specific differences are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the shape of sex-specific causal associations between sleep duration and hyperuricemia in the UK Biobank.

Integration analysis identifies the role of metallothionein in the progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disorder that develops from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become an epidemic of chronic liver dysfunction worldwide. However, mechanisms that govern the transition from NAFL to NASH have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Gene expression profile data of NAFLD liver tissues were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including three microarray datasets with 60 NAFL and 44 NASH patients.

Snapshots of key intermediates unveiling the growth from silver ions to Ag nanoclusters.

Nanoclusters (NCs) are considered as initial states of condensed matter, and unveiling their formation mechanism is of great importance for directional synthesis of nanomaterials. Here, we initiate the reaction of Ag(i) ions under weak reducing conditions. The prolonged reaction period provides a unique opportunity for revealing the five stages of the growth mechanism of 20-electron superatomic Ag NCs by a time-dependent mass technique, that is, aggregate (I) → reduction (II) → decomposition and recombination (III) → fusion (IV) → surface recombination and motif enrichment (V), which is different from the formation process applicable to the gold clusters.

Cooperative Catalysis between Dual Copper Centers in a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants.

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are among the most lethal chemicals known to humans. Thus, developing multifunctional catalysts for highly efficient detoxification of various CWAs is of great importance. In this work, we developed a robust copper tetrazolate metal-organic framework (MOF) catalyst containing a dicopper unit similar to the coordination geometry of the active sites of natural phosphatase and tyrosinase enzymes.

Manipulation force analysis of nanoparticles with ultra-high numerical aperture metalens.

Metalens optical tweezers technology has several advantages for manipulating micro-nano particles and high integration. Here, we used particle swarm optimization (PSO) to design a novel metalens tweezer, which can get 3-dimensional trapping of particles. The numerical aperture (NA) of the metalens can reach 0.

Response of Carbon Emissions and the Bacterial Community to Freeze-Thaw Cycles in a Permafrost-Affected Forest-Wetland Ecotone in Northeast China.

Climate warming can affect freeze-thaw cycle (FTCs) patterns in northern high-latitude regions and may affect permafrost carbon emissions. The response of carbon release and microbial communities to FTCs has not been well characterized. Here, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments to investigate the relationships among carbon emissions, bacterial community, and soil variables in a permafrost-affected forest-wetland ecotone in Northeast China.

Modular Cocrystallization of Customized Carboranylthiolate-Protected Copper Nanoclusters via Host-Guest Interactions.

Cocrystals containing distinct atom-precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) provide an opportunity to elucidate the crystallization process, architectural complexity, and newly emerging properties of condensed-state metal NC-assembled materials. However, the controllable preparation of such cocrystals is still challenging. Herein, we present a modular strategy to cocrystallize two customized carboranylthiolate-protected copper NCs, Cu(CBHS)(CHCN) (Cu) and Cu(CBHS) (Cu), which adopt matched surface patterns by host-guest chemistry.

Achiral-Core-Metal Change in Isomorphic Enantiomeric AgAg and AuAg Clusters Triggers Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence.

Understanding how the chiral or achiral section in chiral nanostructures contributes to circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) at the atomic level is of fundamental importance. Here, we report two pairs of atomically precise enantiomers of homosilver () and heterometal () clusters. The geometrical chirality of arises from the chiral ligand and interface consisting of positive moieties of Ag(/-PS).

Molecular insights into the distinct signaling duration for the peptide-induced PTH1R activation.

The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), a class B1 G protein-coupled receptor, plays critical roles in bone turnover and Ca homeostasis. Teriparatide (PTH) and Abaloparatide (ABL) are terms as long-acting and short-acting peptide, respectively, regarding their marked duration distinctions of the downstream signaling. However, the mechanistic details remain obscure.

Impact of induction therapy on cytomegalovirus infection and post-transplant outcomes in pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving routine antiviral prophylaxis.

Objectives: Induction therapy has been increasingly used in pediatric heart transplantation. This study evaluated the impact of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) versus basiliximab as induction therapy on post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, rejection at 1 year, coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and mortality in pediatric heart transplant recipients receiving antiviral prophylaxis.

Results: Of the 96 patients (age < 18 years) analyzed, 46 (47.

G17V induces T follicular helper cell specification and involves angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma via upregulating the expression of PON2 through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a malignant hematologic tumor arising from T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. High-throughput genomic sequencing studies have shown that AITL is characterized by a novel highly recurring somatic mutation in , encoding p.Gly17Val ( G17V).

Discovery and characterization of the flavonoids in Cortex Mori Radicis as naturally occurring inhibitors against intestinal nitroreductases.

Gut bacterial nitroreductases are found to be heavily related with the intestinal toxicity of nitroaromatic compounds in food or medicine, which can be converted into mutagenic and enterotoxic nitroso or N-hydroxyl intermediates. Thus, inhibiting the gut microbe-encoded nitroreductases has become an attractive method to reduce the mutagen metabolites in colon and prevent intestinal diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of sixteen constituents in Cortex Mori Radicis on two kinds of gut bacterial nitroreductases (EcNfsA and EcNfsB) were evaluated with nitrofurazone (NFZ) as substrate and NADPH as electron donor.

Series of ultra-low loss and ultra-compact multichannel silicon waveguide crossing.

Ultra-compact waveguide crossing (UC-WC) is a basic component in optoelectronic fusion chip solutions, as its footprint is smaller in the orders of magnitude than that of traditional photonic integrated circuits (PICs). However, a large loss of UC-WC (decibel level) becomes a barrier to scaling and practicality. Here, we propose a series of ultra-low loss UC-WC silicon devices using an advanced hybrid design that combines the adjoint method with the direct binary search (DBS) algorithm.

Stepwise structure evolution from 2D cluster-based frameworks to silver(I) clusters.

A pair of 2D chiral frameworks, R-Ag5-1 and S-Ag5-1, with orange fluorescence were successfully synthesized. They were transformed to a thermodynamically favored denser stacking, R-Ag5-3 and S-Ag5-3, accompanied by a change in the luminescence and activating the CPL signal. The capture and structural determination of the intermediates (R-Ag5-2 and S-Ag5-2) reveal that the coordination instability of Na ions is the main cause of this transition.

PDA-PEI-Copolymerized Nanodots with Tailorable Fluorescence Emission and Quenching Properties for the Sensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing of miRNA in Serum.

Dopamine and polyethyleneimine (PEI) copolymerized nanodots (PDA-PEI nanodots) with both fluorescence emission and quenching features were synthesized by a simple one-step reaction at room temperature. By adjusting the dopamine and PEI ratio as well as the chain length of PEI, the fluorescence emission and quenching properties of PDA-PEI nanodots can be controlled well. Under optimal conditions, the nanodots showed strong green fluorescence emission with an absolute quantum yield of 1-2% and a quenching efficiency of more than 99% to several fluorophores with emission wavelengths ranging from blue to red light regions.

Subclones of bone marrow CD34 cells in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis confer responses of patients to induction chemotherapy.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy with a prognosis that varies with genetic heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and anthracycline has been the standard care for newly diagnosed AML, but about 30% of patients have no response to this regimen. The resistance mechanisms require deeper understanding.

Atomically Precise Enantiopure Bimetallic Janus Clusters.

Asymmetric bimetallic Janus nanocrystals with a side-by-side interface have unique properties and important applications. However, understanding their fundamental issues, including their formation mechanism, interfacial linkage, and related properties, remains challenging, as does the preparation of enantiopure samples. Atomically precise Janus bimetal nanoclusters would unequivocally resolve these issues, yet they have not been realized.

Erratum: Author Correction: Mapping global acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00177-6.].

Development and validation of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-based radiomics model to detect primary prostate cancer.

Background: This study aimed to develop a novel analytic approach based on a radiomics model derived from Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT for predicting intraprostatic lesions in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with or without PCa who underwent surgery or biopsy after Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. A total of 944 radiomics features were extracted from the images.

Elevated CO modulates the physiological responses of Thalassiosira pseudonana to ultraviolet radiation.

Diatoms account for a large proportion of marine primary productivity, they tend to be the predominant species in the phytoplankton communities in the surface ocean with frequent and large light fluctuations. To understand the impacts of increased CO on diatoms' capacity in exploitation of variable solar radiation, we cultured a model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana with 400 or 1000ppmv CO and exposed it to high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) alone or PAR plus ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to examine its physiological performances. The results showed that the maximum photochemical efficiency (F/fm) was significantly reduced by high PAR and PAR + UVR in T.

Cellular Hypoxia Mitigation by Dandelion-like Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Hypoxia at the tumor site limits the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is an oxygen-consumption process. Inhibiting cellular oxygen consumption and reducing cellular ATP production are expected to enhance PDT. In this study, we designed and constructed dandelion-like size-shrinkable nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of hypoxia regulator resveratrol (RES) and photodynamic agent chlorine e6 (CE6).