A diffusion tensor imaging-based multidimensional study of brain structural changes after long-term high-altitude exposure and their relationships with cognitive function.

Background: Brain structure changes after long-term adaptation to the high-altitude environment; however, related studies are few, results are in consistent, and long-term effects on cognitive function and pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate the damage to white matter fiber tracts and correlations between brain structural abnormalities and cognitive function.

Methods: Forty healthy Han people living on the high-altitude and 40 healthy Han people living on the plains were enrolled in this study and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, emotional state assessment, and cognitive function tests.

CD36-mediated ROS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway exacerbates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice after noise exposure.

There is an association between noise exposure and cognitive impairment, and noise may have a more severe impact on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment; however, the mechanisms need further investigation. This study used the classic AD animal model APP/PS1 mice to simulate the AD population, and C57BL/6J mice to simulate the normal population. We compared their cognitive abilities after noise exposure, analyzed changes in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) between the two types of mice using transcriptomics, identified the differential CD molecule: CD36 in APP/PS1 after noise exposure, and used its pharmacological inhibitor to intervene to explore the mechanism by which CD36 affects APP/PS1 cognitive abilities.

Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress exacerbates mitochondrial apoptosis damage to cochlear stria vascularis pericytes via the ROS-mediated Bcl-2/CytC/AIF pathway.

Objectives: Diabetes is closely linked to hearing loss, yet the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Cochlear stria vascularis and pericytes (PCs) are crucial for hearing. This study investigates whether high glucose induces apoptosis in the cochlear stria vascularis and pericytes via elevated ROS levels due to oxidative stress, impacting hearing loss.

Exposure to coal dust exacerbates cognitive impairment by activating the IL6/ERK1/2/SP1 signaling pathway.

Coal dust (CD) is a common pollutant, and epidemiological surveys indicate that long-term exposure to coal dust not only leads to the occurrence of pulmonary diseases but also has certain impacts on cognitive abilities. However, there is little open-published literature on the effects and specific mechanisms of coal dust exposure on the cognition of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). An animal model has been built in this study with clinical population samples to explore the changes in neuroinflammation and cognitive abilities with coal dust exposure.

The effects of noise exposure on hippocampal cognition in C57BL/6 mice via transcriptomics.

Background: Noise is an important environmental stressor in the industrialized world and has received increasing attention in recent years. Although epidemiological research has extensively demonstrated the relationship between noise and cognitive impairment, the specific molecular mechanisms and targets remain to be fully explored and understood.

Methods: To address this issue, 5-month-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups, with one group exposed to white noise at 98 dB.

PGC-1α affects cochlear pericytes migration in noise-exposed mice.

Objective: The study aimed to observe the effects of noise exposure on the pericytes of the cochlear stria vascularis (SV) in mice and to investigate its molecular mechanism.

Method: Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as the subjects. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was used to assess hearing loss.

Noise exposure increase apoptosis in the hippocampus of AD mice through the upregulation of CTSS.

In recent years, it has become an acknowledged fact that noise exposure can lead to cognitive impairments, and researchers have shown increasing interest in this area. However, the detrimental impact of noise exposure on Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models might be considerably greater than on ordinary model mice, yet the mechanisms by which noise exposure affects the hippocampus in these models have been scarcely investigated. This study we used 4D Label-free proteomics to identify distinctive differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of AD model mice following noise exposure.

Facile solid-phase synthesis of starch-fatty acid complexes via mechanical activation for stabilizing curcumin-loaded Pickering emulsions.

Starch-fatty acid complexes used as emulsifiers have caught great attention because of their renewability and excellent emulsifying property, the development of a simple and efficient synthesis method for the fabrication of starch-fatty acid complexes is still greatly challenging. Herein, the rice starch-fatty acid complexes (NRS-FA) were successfully prepared by mechanical activation method using different long chain fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) and native rice starch (NRS) as the raw materials. The results showed that the prepared NRS-FA with a V-shaped crystalline structure exhibited a higher digestion resistance than NRS.

Preclinical studies of a factor X activator and a phase 1 trial for hemophilia patients with inhibitors.

Background: Bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs with inhibitors are difficult to control. Staidson protein-0601 (STSP-0601), a specific factor (F)X activator purified from the venom of Daboia russelii siamensis, has been developed.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of STSP-0601 in preclinical and clinical studies.

Hippocampal adaptation to high altitude: a neuroanatomic profile of hippocampal subfields in Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese residents.

The hippocampus is highly plastic and vulnerable to hypoxia. However, it is unknown whether and how it adapts to chronic hypobaric hypoxia in humans. With a unique sample of Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese individuals residing on the Tibetan plateau, we aimed to build a neuroanatomic profile of the altitude-adapted hippocampus by measuring the volumetric differences in the whole hippocampus and its subfields.

Information adoption behavior in online healthcare communities from the perspective of personality traits.

Improving standards of living have resulted in an increased focus on health and image management. In a context where the quality of healthcare information is unguaranteed, the adoption behavior intention of online health information varies greatly. Hence, it is essential to take effective measures to guide community users to obtain high-quality information on demand.

A propolis-derived small molecule ameliorates metabolic syndrome in obese mice by targeting the CREB/CRTC2 transcriptional complex.

The molecular targets and mechanisms of propolis ameliorating metabolic syndrome are not fully understood. Here, we report that Brazilian green propolis reduces fasting blood glucose levels in obese mice by disrupting the formation of CREB/CRTC2 transcriptional complex, a key regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system based on CREB-CRTC2, we identify artepillin C (APC) from propolis as an inhibitor of CREB-CRTC2 interaction.

Formation of type 3 resistant starch from mechanical activation-damaged high-amylose maize starch by a high-solid method.

This study focused on constructing a high-solid reaction system to prepare type 3 resistant starch (RS) with high-amylose maize starch as raw material by mechanical activation (MA) pretreatment combined with thermal and freeze-thaw treatments. MA pretreatment effectively destroyed the crystal structure and molecular structure of native starch. MA damaged starch with a certain viscosity could form dough with a small amount of water to construct a starch continuous phase system.

The decolorization and mineralization of orange II by microwave-assisted ball milling.

This study proposed an integrated technique of reduction coupled with an oxidation process in order to acquire simultaneously both decolorization and mineralization of orange II under the condition of microwave-assisted milling. Experimental variables of initial dye concentration, iron dosage, microwave power, solution pH and initial HO concentration were systematically studied. Under the optimal operational parameters (100 mg/L aqueous solution of pH 3 containing 400 mg/L HO while controlling microwave power at 400 W), the results showed that the decolorization efficiency is up to 91% after reaction for 2 min and the total organic carbon removal efficiencies were 72.

Facile synthesis of Cu(II) impregnated biochar with enhanced adsorption activity for the removal of doxycycline hydrochloride from water.

In this study, the effect factors and mechanisms of doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) adsorption on copper nitrate modified biochar (Cu-BC) was investigated. Cu-BC absorbent was synthesized through calcination of peanut shells biomass at 450°C and then impregnation with copper nitrate. The Cu-BC has exhibited excellent sorption efficiency about 93.

RBP4 functions as a hepatokine in the regulation of glucose metabolism by the circadian clock in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: As one of the key adipokines, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is suggested to positively correlate with insulin resistance; however, not all clinical studies support this association. Although some explanations are proposed for this discrepancy, the temporal aspect of RBP4 secretion has not been considered. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (also known as BMAL1) and its target D site-binding protein (DBP) are both pivotal transcription factors of the circadian core clock.