Applying virtual sample generation and ensemble modeling for improving the spectral diagnosis of cancer.

Cancer diagnosis plays a key role in facilitating treatment and improving survival rates of patients. The combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with data-driven algorithms offers a rapid and cost-effective approach for such a task. Due to the limitations of objective cases, the number of tumor samples is usually smaller, and the resulting dataset exhibit the issues of class imbalance, which has a more serious impact on the performance of diagnostic models.

Geographical origin identification of ginseng using near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with subspace-based ensemble classifiers.

Ginseng is a well-known traditional herbal medicine and the ginseng available on the market may not actually be produced in a certain place as claimed. Traditional methods of identifying the geographical origin of Ginseng are subjective, time-consuming or destructive. A more efficient approach is desirable.

Detection of glibenclamide adulterated in antidiabetic Chinese patent medicine by attenuated total reflectance -infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

There have been many reports of adulterated Chinese patent medicine with synthetic prescription that are claimed to be "pure natural". The present work investigates the feasibility of combining attenuated total reflectance-Mid-infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy and several interval-based PLS algorithms for detecting the glibenclamide illegally adulterated in antidiabetic Chinese patent medicine (Jiangtangning). The full-spectrum PLS, four kinds of traditional interval PLS algorithms (iPLS, biPLS, siPLS and mwPLS) and a modified algorithm, i.

Classification of different liquid milk by near-infrared spectroscopy and ensemble modeling.

Dairy products are necessary components of a healthy diet for human and nowadays, liquid milk become very popular because of its convenience. The identification of a brand of liquid milk is of importance. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used for rapid and objective classification of different brands of liquid milk.

Ensemble of extreme learning machines for multivariate calibration of near-infrared spectroscopy.

Inspired by the attractive features of extreme learning machine (ELM), a simple ensemble ELM algorithm, named EELM, is proposed for multivariate calibration of near-infrared spectroscopy. Such an algorithm takes full advantage of random initialization of the weights of the hidden layer in ELM for obtaining the diversity between member models. Also, by combining a large number of member models, the stability of the final prediction can be greatly improved and the ensemble model outperforms its best member model.

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy and class-modeling to antibiotic authentication.

Nowadays, counterfeit medicines have become very popular due to the extension of the Internet. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with similar effect, but different prices, provide a gold opportunity for illegal traders to counterfeit. It is found that some genuine packaging of expensive brand drugs are recycled and then used to refill other kinds of cheap antibiotic tablets.

Soil and biomass carbon re-accumulation after landslide disturbances.

In high-standing islands of the Western Pacific, typhoon-triggered landslides occasionally strip parts of the landscape of its vegetative cover and soil layer and export large amounts of biomass and soil organic carbon (OC) from land to the ocean. After such disturbances, new vegetation colonizes the landslide scars and OC starts to reaccumulate. In the subtropical mountains of Taiwan and in other parts of the world, bamboo () species may invade at a certain point in the succession of recovering landslide scars.

Express detection of expired drugs based on near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics: A feasibility study.

Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antimicrobials drug that inhibits bacterial DNA replication. Driven by huge profit, one kind of particular counterfeit, e.g.

Quantifying several adulterants of notoginseng powder by near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration.

The authentication of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is critically important for public-health and economic terms. Notoginseng, a classical TCM of high economic and medical value, could be easily adulterated with Sophora flavescens powder (SFP), corn flour (CF) or other analogues of low-grade (ALG) because of their similar tastes, appearances and much lower cost. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate calibration for identifying and quantifying several common adulterants in notoginseng powder.

Random subspace-based ensemble modeling for near-infrared spectral diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

The feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with classifier ensemble for improving the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was explored. A total of 157 NIR spectra from the patients were recorded and partitioned into the training set and the test set. Four algorithms, i.

Fast discrimination of the geographical origins of notoginseng by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Notoginseng is a type of highly valued Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its hemostatic and cardiovascular functions. Notoginseng of Yunnan in China usually commands a premium price and is often the subject of fraudulent practices. The feasibility of combining near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics was investigated to discriminate notoginseng of different geographical origins.

Non-destructive identification of native egg by near-infrared spectroscopy and data driven-based class-modeling.

Eggs are very important parts of human diets worldwide. It is very common to pass feed eggs off as native ones of high commercial values in Chinese markets. One urgent and challenging work is to develop a non-destructive method for verifying the authenticity of native eggs.

Authenticity Detection of Black Rice by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Support Vector Data Description.

Black rice is an important rice species in Southeast Asia. It is a common phenomenon to pass low-priced black rice off as high-priced ones for economic benefit, especially in some remote towns. There is increasing need for the development of fast, easy-to-use, and low-cost analytical methods for authenticity detection.

Current situation and future prospects for beef production in China - A review.

The beef industry is an important part of livestock and meat production in China. China ranks third in the world for beef production. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, beef consumption has grown rapidly, and beef consumption has been increasing with rising per capita gross domestic production.

Quantitative determination of wool in textile by near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate models.

The wool content in textiles is a key quality index and the corresponding quantitative analysis takes an important position due to common adulterations in both raw and finished textiles. Conventional methods are maybe complicated, destructive, time-consuming, environment-unfriendly. Developing a quick, easy-to-use and green alternative method is interesting.

Classification and quantitation of milk powder by near-infrared spectroscopy and mutual information-based variable selection and partial least squares.

Milk is among the most popular nutrient source worldwide, which is of great interest due to its beneficial medicinal properties. The feasibility of the classification of milk powder samples with respect to their brands and the determination of protein concentration is investigated by NIR spectroscopy along with chemometrics. Two datasets were prepared for experiment.

Influence of cigarette smoking on osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Current studies demonstrate controversy regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between smoking and ONFH. Relevant articles published before September 2016 were identified by a systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE via Ovid.

Detection of melamine adulteration in milk by near-infrared spectroscopy and one-class partial least squares.

Melamine is a noxious nitrogen-rich substance and has been illegally adulterated in milk to boost the protein content. The present work investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectrum and one-class partial least squares (OCPLS) for detecting the adulteration of melamine. A total of 102 liquor milks were prepared for experiment.

Continuous wavelet transform-based feature selection applied to near-infrared spectral diagnosis of cancer.

Spectrum is inherently local in nature since it can be thought of as a signal being composed of various frequency components. Wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful tool that partitions a signal into components with different frequency. The property of multi-resolution enables WT a very effective and natural tool for analyzing spectrum-like signal.

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing between normal and malignant colorectal tissues.

Cancer diagnosis is one of the most important tasks of biomedical research and has become the main objective of medical investigations. The present paper proposed an analytical strategy for distinguishing between normal and malignant colorectal tissues by combining the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics. The successive projection algorithm-linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA) was used to seek a reduced subset of variables/wavenumbers and build a diagnostic model of LDA.

Diagnosis of colorectal cancer by near-infrared optical fiber spectroscopy and random forest.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has such advantages as being noninvasive, fast, relatively inexpensive, and no risk of ionizing radiation. Differences in the NIR signals can reflect many physiological changes, which are in turn associated with such factors as vascularization, cellularity, oxygen consumption, or remodeling. NIR spectral differences between colorectal cancer and healthy tissues were investigated.

The diagnostics of diabetes mellitus based on ensemble modeling and hair/urine element level analysis.

The aim of the present work focuses on exploring the feasibility of analyzing the relationship between diabetes mellitus and several element levels in hair/urine specimens by chemometrics. A dataset involving 211 specimens and eight element concentrations was used. The control group was divided into three age subsets in order to analyze the influence of age.

A feasibility study of diagnosing cardiovascular diseases based on blood/urine element analysis and consensus models.

The classification of normal and cardiovascular disease groups with consensus models according to metal concentration in blood/urine samples is discussed in this study. The concentrations of nine elements (i.e.

Three novel SNPs in the coding region of PPARγ gene and their associations with meat quality traits in cattle.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates adipogenesis and many other biological processes. In the present study, we carried out PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing analyses to examine SNPs in coding region of the PPARγ gene. A total of 660 individuals from five Chinese cattle breeds were genotyped.