Preliminary study on the potential damage of cigarette smoke extract in 3D human chondrocyte culture.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of articular cartilage. The role of cigarette smoke (CS) in OA is debated, with some studies suggesting a protective effect while others indicate it may pose a risk. Our preliminary findings suggest a link between smoking in young adults and severe knee OA, though the extent of this contribution is unclear.

-Defensin conventional markers of inflammation in periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective study.

Background: Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. Commonly utilized inflammatory markers include erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBC). Human -defensin 1 (-defensin) is an antimicrobial peptide elevated in infection, yet its diagnostic value for PJI has not been explored.

Interplay of calcium pyrophosphate crystals, oxidative stress, and clinical features on knee osteoarthritis severity.

Background: Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals is observed in most joints affected by severe osteoarthritis (OA). CPP may cause local damage by inducing an inflammatory process and oxidative stress (OS).

Objectives: To evaluate inflammation and OS induced by CPP deposition and their association with the degree of knee OA.

Role of HIF1A gene polymorphisms with serum uric acid and HIF-1α levels in monosodium urate crystal-induced arthritis.

Background: Gouty arthritis is a metabolic disease characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints, which triggers the release of interleukin-1β (IL-β) by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor involved in IL-β production and as a regulator of NLRP3.

Objectives: The aims were to analyze the association of HIF1A rs11549465, rs11549467, and rs2057482 variants in patients with gouty arthritis, and to evaluate the correlation between urate and HIF-1α levels according to the associated genotypes.

An update on the study of synovial fluid in the geriatric patient.

Background: The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce.

Objective: To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease.

Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Activity of Poly-gallic Acid in Cancer Cell Lines.

Background/aim: Enzyme-mediated grafting of poly (gallic acid) (PGAL) and L-arginine and a-L-lysine onto PGAL produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-suppressor multiradical molecules with low cytotoxicity, high thermostability and water solubility with cancer treatment potential. This study examined the anticancer effects of these molecules in hepatic (HepG2, ATCC HB-8065), breast (MCF7, ATCC HTB-22), and prostate (PC-3, ATCC CRL-1435 and DU 145, ATCC HTB-81) cancer cell lines, as well as in fibroblasts from healthy human skin as control cells.

Materials And Methods: PGAL was synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of the naturally abundant GA using laccase from Trametes versicolor.

Relationship between biofilm-forming microorganisms (BFM: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and DEFB1 gene variants on β-defensin levels in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between biofilm-forming microorganisms (BFM) and DEFB1 gene variants on β-defensin levels in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of Mexican origin.

Methods And Results: One hundred and five clinical aspirates were obtained from patients with suspected PJI. After microbiologic culture, samples were classified as non-septic and septic; of the latter, only those positive for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected.

A modified animal-free serum technique for efficient isolation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells from Hoffa fat pad.

We focus on this study in designing an alternative technique for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from residual tissue, Hoffa fat, in arthroscopic procedures. Two males and two females were included, and underwent knee arthroscopy; a sample of infrapatellar adipose tissue was obtained with basket forceps. The primary culture was made using the explant method and the culture media: DMEM-high glucose, supplemented with 10% of inactivated human allogeneic serum.

Effect of smoking on the redox status of knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study.

Even though smoking has been scarcely studied in osteoarthritis (OA) etiology, it is considered a controversial risk factor for the disease. Exposure to tobacco smoke has been reported to promote oxidative stress (OS) as part of the damage mechanism. The aim of this study was to assess whether smoking increases cartilage damage through the generation of OS.

MICA and NLRP3 gene polymorphisms interact synergistically affecting the risk of ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoinflammatory disease that affects the sacroiliac joints, causing stiffness and pain in the back. MICA is a ligand of the NKG2D receptor, and an increase in its expression affects the immune response in various diseases. NLRP3 is a multiprotein complex that promotes the release of IL-1β, but its role in AS has been minimally explored.

Radiosterilized Pig Skin, Silver Nanoparticles and Skin Cells as an Integral Dressing Treatment for Burns: Development, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Pilot Study.

Radiosterilized pig skin (RPS) has been used as a dressing for burns since the 1980s. Its similarity to human skin in terms of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allows the attachment of mesenchymal stem cells, making it ideal as a scaffold to create cellularized constructs. The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been proven to be an appropriate alternative to the use of antibiotics and a potential solution against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Antiphagocytic Properties of Polygallic Acid with Implications in Gouty Inflammation.

Polygallic acid (PGAL) has been used in vitro to protect synoviocytes from monosodium urate (MSU) crystals due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, MSU crystals can also activate other cells of the synovial fluid (SF). We studied the impact of PGAL on the phagocytosis of MSU crystals, inflammation, and oxidative stress using an in vitro model with SF leukocytes and THP-1 monocyte cells.

[Importance of autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 and development of post-vaccination autoimmune diseases].

SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the large family of coronavirus, aroused great interest following the outbreak of this new strain reported in 2019, in Wuhan China. Its clinical spectrum is highly variable, ranging from a self-limited disease to an acute respiratory distress syndrome with systemic clinical manifestations (COVID-19), in which the immune system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease and in its severity; several studies show the prevalence of some autoimmune markers suggesting that they may lead to autoimmune states. The most important strategy worldwide to protect the population was the development of vaccines to induce immunity to severe COVID-19; however, vaccines have also been shown to have the ability to produce autoimmune states in a small percentage of the world's population; nevertheless, the best strategy remains vaccination.

Osteogenic Potential of Monosodium Urate Crystals in Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Deposits of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals due to increased levels of uric acid (UA) have been associated with bone formation and erosion, mainly in patients with chronic gout. The synovial membrane (SM) comprises several types of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs); however, it is unknown whether UA and MSU induce osteogenesis through SM-MSCs. Cultures of SM were immunotyped with CD44, CD69, CD90, CD166, CD105, CD34, and CD45 to identify MSCs.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Oxidative Stress.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. In recent decades, oxidative stress (OS) has been shown to be involved in the progression of this disease through DNA, lipid and protein damage, resulting in synovial inflammation. There are many causes of OS; metabolism is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but pollution, diet and microbiota imbalances could lead to the overproduction of these ROS.

The impact of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria of the gut microbiota in hyperuricemia and gout diagnosis.

Introduction/objectives: Persistent hyperuricemia is a key factor in gout; however, only 13.5% of hyperuricemic individuals manifest the disease. The gut microbiota could be one of the many factors underlying this phenomenon.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effect of Poly-gallic Acid (PGAL) in an In Vitro Model of Synovitis Induced by Monosodium Urate Crystals.

Gout is a chronic and degenerative disease that affects the joints and soft tissues because of the crystalline deposit of monosodium urate. The interaction between monosodium urate crystals (MSU) and synoviocytes generates oxidative and inflammatory states. These physiological characteristics have promoted the study of poly-gallic acid (PGAL), a poly-oxidized form of gallic acid reported to be effective in in vitro models of inflammation.

HLA-B27 may modulate the interaction between ERAP1 polymorphisms and smoking in ankylosing spondylitis patients.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the enthesis and synovial membrane of the spine, the sacroiliac vertebrae and peripheral joints. Genetic susceptibility to AS is mainly due to the presence of the HLA-B*27 (B27) allele, and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1) plays a key role in antigen processing and presentation to HLA class I molecules. Tobacco consumption is one of the main environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including AS.

Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells for cartilaginous tissues repair.

Background: The present review is focused on general aspects of the synovial membrane as well as specialized aspects of its cellular constituents, particularly the composition and location of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs). S-MSC multipotency properties are currently at the center of translational medicine for the repair of multiple joint tissues, such as articular cartilage and meniscus lesions.

Methods And Results: We reviewed the results of in vitro and in vivo research on the current clinical applications of S-MSCs, surface markers, cell culture techniques, regenerative properties, and immunomodulatory mechanisms of S-MSCs as well as the practical limitations of the last twenty-five years (1996 to 2021).

A proposed HLA-B*27 screening method for ankylosing spondylitis detection based on tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms: a preliminary study.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects primarily the spine. There is a strong association of the HLA-B*27 allele with AS pathogenesis, but recent studies have demonstrated the participation of ERAP1 gene in the genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA-B tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ERAP1-related genetic variations associated with AS have equal or similarly performance in patients´ screening compared to HLA-B*27 standard genotyping in Mexican population.

Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Tobacco use has a negative impact on health due to its relationship with the development of high-mortality diseases, such as pulmonary cancer. However, the effect of cadmium (Cd), present in tobacco smoke, on the development of joint diseases has been scarcely studied. The objective of this review is to discuss the evidence regarding the mechanisms by which Cd exposure, through tobacco smoke, may lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).