Performance of Tandem Control IQ During Outdoor Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Few data are available in children with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery systems during physical activity (PA). We evaluated the time in range (TIR) during 2-h of outdoor PA in children using t:slim X2 with Control-IQ technology. Caucasian children and adolescents, aged 9-18 years using t:slim X2 with Control-IQ technology were recruited during a local sporting event.

Albatross movement suggests sensitivity to infrasound cues at sea.

The ways in which seabirds navigate over very large spatial scales remain poorly understood. While olfactory and visual information can provide guidance over short distances, their range is often limited to 100s km, far below the navigational capacity of wide-ranging animals such as albatrosses. Infrasound is a form of low-frequency sound that propagates for 1,000s km in the atmosphere.

Low frequency ambient noise dynamics and trends in the Indian Ocean, Cape Leeuwin, Australia.

Examination of 18 years of nearly continuous low frequency deep ocean ambient noise offshore Cape Leeuwin, Australia, finds evidence of a decreasing nonlinear trend suggestive of long-term cyclic dynamics. The nonlinear trend is found to be consistent with trends in oceanographic sea surface temperature, which are thought to drive changes in Antarctic sea ice extent. Assessment of oscillatory dynamics finds causal covariance between ambient noise levels and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature dipoles.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of deep-ocean acoustic noise.

The extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic led to measures to mitigate the spread of the disease, with lockdowns and mobility restrictions at national and international levels. These measures led to sudden and sometimes dramatic reductions in human activity, including significant reductions in ship traffic in the maritime sector. We report on a reduction of deep-ocean acoustic noise in three ocean basins in 2020, based on data acquired by hydroacoustic stations in the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.

The Silent Epidemic of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020.

Aim/hypothesis: To compare the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the frequency of DKA during 2017-2019.

Methods: Forty-seven pediatric diabetes centers caring for >90% of young people with diabetes in Italy recruited 4,237 newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes between 2017 and 2020 in a longitudinal study. Four subperiods in 2020 were defined based on government-imposed containment measures for COVID-19, and the frequencies of DKA and severe DKA compared with the same periods in 2017-2019.

Type 1 diabetes onset in Lombardy region, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic: The double-wave occurrence.

Background: The Italian Lombardy region has been the epicenter of COVID-19 since February 2020. This study analyses the epidemiology of pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset during the first two pandemic waves and three previous years.

Methods: All the 13 pediatric diabetes centers in Lombardy prospectively evaluated charts of children at T1D onset (0-17 years), during year 2020.

Interpretation of detections of volcanic activity at Ioto Island obtained from in situ seismometers and remote hydrophones of the International Monitoring System.

In-situ seismic observations identified that volcanic activity of Ioto (formerly Iwojima), a volcanic island offshore Japan, increased in early September 2018. Observations of discolored nearshore waters and a splash reported by a local flyover provided evidence for a connection between undersea eruptions and recorded seismic activity. However there remain uncertainties as to when the undersea eruption series commenced and how much of the in-situ seismic activity recorded on the island was associated with volcanic earthquakes versus undersea eruptions.

Validation of finite element computations for the quantitative prediction of underwater noise from impact pile driving.

The acoustic radiation from a pile being driven into the sediment by a sequence of hammer strikes is studied with a linear, axisymmetric, structural acoustic frequency domain finite element model. Each hammer strike results in an impulsive sound that is emitted from the pile and then propagated in the shallow water waveguide. Measurements from accelerometers mounted on the head of a test pile and from hydrophones deployed in the water are used to validate the model results.

Passive acoustic detection of closed-circuit underwater breathing apparatus in an operational port environment.

Divers constitute a potential threat to waterside infrastructures. Active diver detection sonars are available commercially but present some shortcomings, particularly in highly reverberant environments. This has led to research on passive sonar for diver detection.

Acoustic scattering from a solid aluminum cylinder in contact with a sand sediment: measurements, modeling, and interpretation.

Understanding acoustic scattering from objects placed on the interface between two media requires incorporation of scattering off the interface. Here, this class of problems is studied in the particular context of a 61 cm long, 30.5 cm diameter solid aluminum cylinder placed on a flattened sand interface.

Benchmark problems for acoustic scattering from elastic objects in the free field and near the seafloor.

Results from a workshop organized in 2006 to assess the state of the art in target scatter modeling are presented. The problem set includes free-field scenarios as well as scattering from targets that are proud, half-buried, or fully buried in the sediment. The targets are spheres and cylinders, of size O(1 m), which are insonified by incident plane waves in the low-frequency band 0.

Tank measurements of scattering from a resin-filled fiberglass spherical shell with internal flaws.

This paper presents results of acoustic inversion and structural health monitoring achieved by means of low to midfrequency elastic scattering analysis of simple, curved objects, insonified in a water tank. Acoustic elastic scattering measurements were conducted between 15 and 100 kHz on a 60-mm-radius fiberglass spherical shell, filled with a low-shear-speed epoxy resin. Preliminary measurements were conducted also on the void shell before filling, and on a solid sphere of the same material as the filler.

Computing the far field scattered or radiated by objects inside layered fluid media using approximate Green's functions.

A numerically efficient technique is presented for computing the field radiated or scattered from three-dimensional objects embedded within layered acoustic media. The distance between the receivers and the object of interest is supposed to be large compared to the acoustic wavelength. The method requires the pressure and normal particle displacement on the surface of the object or on an arbitrary circumscribing surface, as an input, together with a knowledge of the layered medium Green's functions.

Parabolic equation solution of seismo-acoustics problems involving variations in bathymetry and sediment thickness.

Recent improvements in the parabolic equation method are combined to extend this approach to a larger class of seismo-acoustics problems. The variable rotated parabolic equation [J. Acoust.

A computationally efficient finite element model with perfectly matched layers applied to scattering from axially symmetric objects.

A frequency-domain finite-element (FE) technique for computing the radiation and scattering from axially symmetric fluid-loaded structures subject to a nonsymmetric forcing field is presented. The Berenger perfectly matched layer (PML), applied directly at the fluid-structure interface, makes it possible to emulate the Sommerfeld radiation condition using FE meshes of minimal size. For those cases where the acoustic field is computed over a band of frequencies, the meshing process is simplified by the use of a wavelength-dependent rescaling of the PML coordinates.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of amino acid enantiomers as methyl chloroformate derivatives: application to space analysis.

This work describes a GC-MS method for enantioselective separation of amino acids. The method is based on a derivatization reaction which employs a mixture of alkyl chloroformate-alcohol-pyridine, as reagents to obtain the N(O,S)-alkyl alkoxy carbonyl esters of amino acids. Various reaction parameters are investigated and optimized to achieve a reproducible derivatization procedure suitable for separation of amino acid enantiomers on Chirasil-L-Val chiral stationary phase.

Clinical presentation of McCune-Albright syndrome in males.

Unlabelled: The aims of this study were: (a) to survey gender prevalence and clinical findings at diagnosis in a series of patients who manifested at the time of this study the classical triad of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS); (b) to investigate whether clinical presentation of MAS in boys may be different from that in girls; (c) to confirm whether boys with MAS may show a peculiar picture of testicular microlithiasis (TM) by testicular ultrasonography (US). Twenty-six patients (10 boys) with the classical clinical manifestations of MAS were recruited for the present study from the database of the Italian Multicenter Study Group on MAS. Age at diagnosis of MAS was significantly lower in girls than in boys (p < 0.

Identification and quantification of homologous series of compound in complex mixtures: autocovariance study of GC/MS chromatograms.

The paper describes a method for determining homologous classes of compounds in a multicomponent complex chromatogram obtained under programming elution conditions. The method is based on the computation of the autocovariance function of the experimental chromatogram (EACVF). The EACVF plot, if properly interpreted, can be regarded as a "class chromatogram" i.

GC-MS analysis of amino acid enantiomers as their N(O,S)-perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters: application to space analysis.

The target of the in-situ research of optical activity in extraterrestrial samples stimulated an extended investigation of a GC-MS method based on the derivatization of amino acids by using a mixture of perfluorinated alcohols and perfluorinated anhydrides. Amino acids are converted to their N(O,S)-perfluoroacyl perfluoroalkyl esters in a single-step procedure, using different combinations of the derivatization reagents trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanol (TFE), TFAA-2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol (HFB), and heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA)-HFB. The derivatives obtained are analyzed using two different chiral columns: Chirasil-L-Val and gamma-cyclodextrin (Rt-gamma-DEXsa) stationary phases which show different and complementary enantiomeric selectivity.

In situ analysis of the Martian soil by gas chromatography: decoding of complex chromatograms of organic molecules of exobiological interest.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) will be used in future space exploration missions, in order to seek organic molecules at the surface of Mars, and especially potential chemical indicators of life. Carboxylic acids are among the most expected organic species at the surface of Mars, and they could be numerous in the analysed samples. For this reason, a chemometric method was applied to support the interpretation of chromatograms of carboxylic acid mixtures.

GC-MS in space research: decoding complex isothermal chromatograms recovered from space missions.

An analytical procedure is described to study GC-MS isothermal chromatograms simulating those recovered from space missions: in fact GC plays a predominant role in space missions devoted to characterizing the chemical composition of extra-terrestrial atmospheres. SIM (selected ion monitoring) detection was used for monitoring selected chemical classes: a simplified chromatogram can be obtained giving information on the chemical composition of the complex mixture. Since only isothermal GC chromatograms are allowed by flight constraints, a time axis transformation is required to make them homogeneous: i.

Sporadic nonautoimmune congenital hyperthyroidism due to a strong activating mutation of the thyrotropin receptor gene.

The de novo occurrence of germline-activating thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene mutations has been reported as the cause of sporadic nonautoimmune neonatal hyperthyroidism in eight children. We report the case of an Italian infant girl who presented at birth with severe hyperthyroidism and goiter. Ultrasonografic examination of the infant's thyroid showed a diffuse goiter with a normal echogenic pattern.

Precocious puberty in girls adopted from developing countries.

Nineteen girls adopted from developing countries were referred for signs of idiopathic precocious puberty. After adoption, the catch up in linear and weight growth, together with improved nutritional and psychological conditions, may trigger the onset of puberty. Precocious puberty is a frequent and unnatural event in these girls.