The Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Glimepiride-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glimepiride (GLM), a commonly used sulphonylurea drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been the subject of numerous studies exploring its kinetic behaviors. However, a comprehensive evaluation that synthesizes all available pharmacokinetic (PK) data across diverse populations remains limited. This systematic review aims to provide detailed knowledge about the pharmacokinetics (PK), the associated pharmacodynamics (PD), and the drug interactions of GLM, which can be used to assess key parameters and identify factors influencing variability across diverse populations and clinical settings.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Fexofenadine: A Systematic Review.

Fexofenadine hydrochloride is a widely prescribed drug for treating histamine-mediated allergic reactions. This review systematically collates existing research on the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of fexofenadine, with a copious emphasis on examining the impact of stereoisomerism, disease states, and drug interactions. The search engines PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were scanned systematically for articles concerning the clinical PK of fexofenadine in humans.

Integration of Ontogeny-Based Changes for Predicting the Exposure of Diphenhydramine in the Pediatric Population: A PBPK Modeling Approach.

Background: Diphenhydramine is an anti-tussive used periodically to treat seasonal colds, contact dermatitis, and anaphylactic reactions. This study aimed to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of diphenhydramine in predicting its systemic exposure among healthy pediatrics (children and adolescents) by leveraging data files from adults (young and elderly).

Methods: The data profiles comprising serum/plasma concentration over time and parameters related to diphenhydramine were scrutinized via exhaustive literature analysis and consolidated in the PK-Sim software version 11.

Photochemical pathways in astronomical ices: A computational study of singlet oxygen reactions with hydrocarbons.

Complex organic molecules are widespread in different areas of the interstellar medium, including cold areas, such as molecular clouds, where chemical reactions occur in ice. Among the observed molecules are oxygen-bearing organic molecules, which are of high interest given their significant role in astrobiology. Despite the observed rich chemistry, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for molecular formation in such cold dilute areas are still not fully understood.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of glipizide: a systematic review.

Introduction: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic drug widely used to treat non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This systematic review extensively examines all reported pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of glipizide in healthy and diseased populations.

Areas Covered: A total of 31 articles were retrieved after screening various databases, i.

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicardipine; a systematic review.

Introduction: Nicardipine is a type of calcium channel blocker that is commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, and related cardiovascular disorders. This systematic review assesses the reported pharmacokinetic (PK) and associated pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of nicardipine in humans.

Areas Covered: An exhaustive literature search using four internet databases was conducted up to 5 October 2023, which yielded 871 papers, of which 32 fulfilled the eligibility requirements by including human PK and related PD data.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime: a systematic review.

Introduction: Cefpodoxime, a third-generation cephalosporin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infections (RTI). This systematic review aims to present a comprehensive view of all the available pharmacokinetics (PK) data associated with the pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters of cefpodoxime in humans.

Areas Covered: The PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, were systematically searched to identify studies on the PK of cefpodoxime.

A Comprehensive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Predicting Vildagliptin Pharmacokinetics: Insights into Dosing in Renal Impairment.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is of great importance in the field of medicine. This study aims to construct a PBPK model, which can provide reliable drug pharmacokinetic (PK) predictions in both healthy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects. To do so, firstly a review of the literature was thoroughly conducted and the PK information of vildagliptin was collected.

β-Alanine supplementation improves fractional anisotropy scores in the hippocampus and amygdala in 60-80-year-old men and women.

Recently, β-alanine (BA) supplementation was shown to improve cognitive function in older adults with decreased cognitive function. Mechanisms supporting these improvements have not been well defined. This study examined the effects of 10-weeks of BA supplementation on changes in circulating brain inflammatory markers, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and brain morphology.

Clinical impact of active screening cultures for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has emerged as a significant health care-associated infection carrying substantial mortality. We assessed the clinical impact of active screening cultures for CRAB.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis, aiming to answer 2 questions: (1) Does screening versus no screening improve clinical outcomes? (2) Does positive screening ("CRAB carrier") predict CRAB infections? We searched the literature until January 2024 for comparative studies reporting clinical outcomes (mortality, invasive CRAB infections).

Investigating clinical pharmacokinetics of brivaracetam by using a pharmacokinetic modeling approach.

The development of technology and the processing speed of computing machines have facilitated the evaluation of advanced pharmacokinetic (PK) models, making modeling processes simple and faster. The present model aims to analyze the PK of brivaracetam (BRV) in healthy and diseased populations. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to incorporate the BRV plasma concentration data and its input parameters into PK-Sim software, leading to the creation of intravenous (IV) and oral models for both populations.

Exploring the pharmacokinetics of second-generation cephalosporin, cefaclor: a systematic review in healthy and diseased populations.

Cefaclor is a bactericidal antibiotic recommended for treating diverse types of infections. This review aims to comprehensively assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefaclor in humans.Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO databases were systematically performed to identify all the relevant studies containing at least one reported PK parameter of cefaclor.

Early Life Androgen Administration Attenuates Aging Related Declines in Muscle Protein Synthesis.

Purpose: This study examined the acute and long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on fractional synthetic rates (FSR).

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ND ( n = 20) or sham ( n = 20) groups. ND injections (10 g·kg -1 ·wk -1 ) started at 7 months of ages and continued for 6 wk.

The effect of supraphysiological dose of nandrolone decanoate administration on the inflammatory, neurotrophin and behavioral response in adult and old male mice.

This study examined the effect of 6 weeks of supraphysiological nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration in adult mice (7 months) on cognitive function and neuroinflammation during aging. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ND (10 mg·kg·wk) or control (CTL) groups. Half of the mice were tested at a young (Y) age (ND-Y and CTL-Y), 1 week following final ND administration, while the remaining mice were tested at 16 months (O) (ND-O and CTL-O).

Chronic kidney disease and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: a critical review of existing models.

Introduction: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a paradigm shift in this era for determining the exposure of drugs in pediatrics, geriatrics, and patients with chronic diseases where clinical trials are difficult to conduct.

Areas Covered: This review has collated data regarding published PBPK models on chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the drug and system-specific input model parameters and model evaluation criteria. Four databases were used from 13th June 2023 to 10 July 2023 for identifying the relevant studies that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Gone to Guts: Osteosarcoma With Metastasis to Small and Large Intestines Presenting as Recurrent Bleeding.

Gastrointestinal involvement in osteosarcoma is uncommon, with colonic spread being particularly rare. Symptoms range from abdominal pain and obstruction to anemia and melena. Chemotherapy for metastatic lesions has not been standardized, and surgery remains the treatment for selective candidates.

Liposarcoma Masquerading as Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease.

This case report highlights the challenge of differentiating between immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IGRD) and liposarcoma, which have similar symptoms and serological markers. A 40-year-old woman presented with right upper-quadrant pain and a retroperitoneal mass. Initial biopsy indicated increased IgG4-positive cells, leading to an IGRD diagnosis.

A Systematic Critical Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Torasemide.

Purpose: Torasemide is a potassium-sparing loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure and kidney and hepatic diseases. This systematic review was conducted to combine all accessible data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of torasemide in healthy and diseased populations, which may help clinicians avert adverse drug reactions and determine the correct dosage regimen.

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched to screen for studies associated with the PK of torasemide, and 21 studies met the eligibility criteria.

A systematic review on the clinical pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin in healthy and disease populations.

Introduction: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is indicated to cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic literature search aims to assess the current knowledge about the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of vildagliptin to provide recommendations for clinical use to prevent the harmful effects of this drug.

Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases were screened for articles related to the clinical PK of vildagliptin using systematic search strategies.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of nebivolol: a systematic review.

Nebivolol is a beta-1 receptor blocker used to treat hypertension, heart failure, erectile dysfunction, vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. This review investigated the data regarding pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, drug-drug interactions, dextrorotatory (D), and levorotatory (L) stereoisomers of nebivolol. The articles related to the PK of nebivolol were retrieved by searching the five databases; Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model To Predict Metoprolol Disposition in Healthy and Disease Populations.

The evolution in the development of drugs has increased the popularity of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. This study seeks to assess the PK of metoprolol in populations with healthy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) conditions by developing and evaluating PBPK models. An extensive literature review for identifying and selecting plasma concentration vs time profile data and other drug-related parameters was undergone for their integration into the PK-Sim program followed by the development of intravenous, oral, and diseased models.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of cefepime to predict its pharmacokinetics in healthy, pediatric and disease populations.

The physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) approach can predict drug pharmacokinetics (PK) by combining changes in blood flow and pathophysiological alterations for developing drug-disease models. Cefepime hydrochloride is a parenteral cephalosporin that is used to treat pneumonia, sepsis, and febrile neutropenia, among other things. The current study sought to identify the factors that impact cefepime pharmacokinetics (PK) following dosing in healthy, diseased (CKD and obese), and pediatric populations.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of cefixime: a systematic review.

Cefixime is an antibiotic from the cephalosporin class used to treat various bacterial infections. The purpose of performing this review is to thoroughly evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefiximeFive databases were systematically searched to identify studies on the PK of cefixime.A total of 38 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included that provide data on concentration-time profiles or PK parameters such as peak plasma and serum concentration (), area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL), and time to reach ().