Unravelling the potential of yolkin for nutraceutical use: the origin, structure, and functional insights of a hen egg yolk polypeptide complex.

Nutraceuticals can reduce the risk of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, immune deficiencies, neurodegeneration, and others. Their delivery remains a challenge because it depends on many factors, most notably the stability of the bioactive compounds. Yolkin is a peptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk with immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential.

Biologically Active Sheep Colostrum for Topical Treatment and Skin Care.

Colostrum is gaining popularity in cosmetic products. The present study compared the composition and selected biological properties of colostrum from Polish sheep (colostrum 1) and Swiss sheep (colostrum 2), particularly those that can affect healthy or diseased skin. The antioxidant activity of the colostrums was measured using ABTS and DPPH assays.

Age-Dependent Effects of Yolkin on Contact Sensitivity and Immune Phenotypes in Juvenile Mice.

Yolkin, an egg yolk immunoregulatory protein, stimulates the humoral but inhibits the cellular immune response in adult mice. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of yolkin administration on the immune response using a model of juvenile, i.e.

Exploiting the Potential of Powdered Blends of Recovered Sunflower Seed Cake Phenolics and Whey-Development of Sustainable Food Additives.

The management of side streams from the food industry, especially oil and dairy by-products, has become an important issue linked to the European Commission's recommendations for a circular economy. This study aimed to obtain sustainable food additives in the form of soluble-type powders composed of whey and recovered phenolics originating from sunflower seed cake. In order to valorise these di-blend products, the powders were characterised in terms of their physical, chemical, and sensory attributes.

Yolkin, a Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk, Affects Cytokine Levels and Leukocyte Populations in Broiler Chicken Blood and Lymphoid Organs after In Ovo Administration.

Yolkin is a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk that exhibits immunomodulating properties. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in-ovo-delivered yolkin affects leukocyte populations and cytokine levels in broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeder birds.

Importance for humans of recently discovered protein compounds - yolkin and yolk glycopeptide 40, present in the plasma of hen egg yolk.

Vitellogenin (Vt) is considered the primary protein precursor of egg yolk, serving as a source of protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for the developing embryo. However, recent research has revealed that the functions of Vt and Vt-derived polypeptides, such as yolkin (Y) and yolk glycopeptide 40 (YGP40), extend beyond their nutritional roles as a source of amino acids. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that both Y and YGP40 possess immunomodulatory properties and can contribute to host immune defenses.

Immunoregulatory actions of calf thymus extract (TFX®) in vitro in relation to its effect on expression of mitogen activated protein kinases.

The in vitro immunotropic actions of a calf thymus extract - thymus factor X (TFX®) preparation were investigated. The preparation did not lower the viability of the A549 epithelial cell line and mouse bone marrow cells in the investigated concentration range. TFX® exhibited a co-stimulatory action of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced mouse thymocyte proliferation and partially restored the mitogen-induced proliferation capability of mouse thymocytes exposed to hydrocortisone (HC).

Mechanism of Molecular Activity of Yolkin-a Polypeptide Complex Derived from Hen Egg Yolk-in PC12 Cells and Immortalized Hippocampal Precursor Cells H19-7.

Food-derived bioactive peptides able to regulate neuronal function have been intensively searched and studied for their potential therapeutic application. Our previous study showed that a polypeptide complex yolkin, isolated from hen egg yolk as a fraction accompanying immunoglobulin Y (IgY), improved memory and cognitive functions in rats. However, the mechanism activated by the yolkin is not explained.

The Functional and Physicochemical Properties of Rice Protein Concentrate Subjected to Acetylation.

The aim of the present study was to increase the value of rice protein concentrate (RPC) by improving the functional properties of a preparation subjected to acetylation and analyze the impact of this chemical modification on chemical composition, digestibility, and protein patterning using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and FT-IR spectroscopy. In the modified samples, the protein content increased (80.90-83.

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Improves an Innate Immune Response of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Background: One of the main features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is failure in innate immune response and chronic inflammation. Lack of effective AD treatment means that more attention is paid to alternative therapy and drugs of natural origin, such as extract of (EGb). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EGb on the mechanisms of innate immune response of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in AD patients.

Comparative Studies of Yolkin Preparations Isolated from Egg Yolks of Selected Bird Species.

The results of our research have proven that yolkin preparations isolated from eggs of different bird species show a high similarity in polypeptide composition. Despite the small differences in protein patterns, all of yolkin preparations showed also strong immunomodulatory activity, comparable with yolkin obtained previously from hen egg yolk. It can therefore be deducted that the presence of this polypeptide complex in the egg is not accidental and performs an important biological function for developing embryo.

Effect of Acetylation on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Commercial Pumpkin Protein Concentrate.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of acetylation with different doses of acetic anhydride on the chemical composition and chosen functional properties of commercial pumpkin protein concentrate (PPC). The total protein content decreased as compared to unmodified samples. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that in the acetylated pumpkin protein, the content of the heaviest protein (35 kDa) decreased in line with increasing concentrations of modifying reagent.

Yolkin Isolated from Hen Egg Yolk as a Natural Immunoregulator, Activating Innate Immune Response in BMDM Macrophages.

One of the goals of biomedical sciences is to search and identify natural compounds that are safe, have no side effects, and possess immunostimulatory activity. It has been proven that medicines of natural origin can be effective agents, supporting the therapy of many diseases, not only in the weakened immune system of the body but also in the prevention of many diseases in healthy people. It has been shown that yolkin, a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk as a fraction accompanying immunoglobulin Y (IgY), possesses potential biological activity.

Effects of yolkin on the immune response of mice and its plausible mechanism of action.

Yolkin is a product of proteolytic degradation of vitellogenin, a protein contained in eggs' yolk, with already described procognitive properties. Here, we investigated effects of yolkin on the humoral and cellular immune response in mice, phenotype of cells from lymphoid organs and function of innate immunity cells. In vitro studies included effects of yolkin on mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation, percentage of CD19 cells in bone marrow cells culture, expression of signaling molecules in Jurkat cells, interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits in WEHI 231 cells and susceptibility of these cells to anti-Ig-induced cell death.

Trypsin inhibitor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as chemical composition of potato sprouts originating from yellow- and colored-fleshed varieties.

Potato sprouts could be a valuable resource of phytochemicals such as secondary plant metabolites, potential antioxidants and nutritive compounds. In this work, potato sprout extracts of five varieties were examined; they differed in major glycoalkaloid content, trypsin inhibitor activity, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, as well as in antimicrobial activity against Gram + and G - bacteria, and yeast. Sprouts of colored-fleshed tubers were characterized by higher trypsin inhibitor activity than sprouts of yellow potatoes.

Isolation and Characterization of NP-POL Nonapeptide for Possible Therapeutic Use in Parkinson's Disease.

Colostrum and milk are the initial mammalian nourishment and rich reservoir of essential nutrients for newborn development. Bioactive peptides isolated from natural sources, such as colostrum, serve as endogenous regulators and can be used as alternative therapeutic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. One example is the previously unknown NP-POL nonapeptide isolated from Colostrinin.

A simple and rapid method of isolation of active polypeptide complex, yolkin, from chicken egg yolk.

A large number of bioactive peptides isolated from natural sources are known to play important physiological roles in the human body. It is possible to use these as alternative therapy agents. One example is yolkin which can be useful as a food supplement, a natural therapeutic agent for preventing and treating cognitive disorders of various origins, preferably in patients with unsatisfactory responses to known therapies.

The use of serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in the production of biopeptides from denatured egg white proteins.

Deriving non-conventional enzymes from cheaper sources than those used for commercially available enzymes may result in the production of hydrolysates with beneficial features, while drastically reducing the cost of hydrolysis. This is especially significant for enzymatic hydrolysis as a method of protein waste utilization. We have previously described the ability of non-commercial serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast to produce/release bioactive peptides from egg white protein by-products (EP).

Pro-Cognitive Properties of the Immunomodulatory Polypeptide Complex, Yolkin, from Chicken Egg Yolk and Colostrum-Derived Substances: Analyses Based on Animal Model of Age-Related Cognitive Deficits.

The study aimed to assess the effect of the polypeptide Y complex (Yolkin), isolated from chicken egg yolk, on behavioural and cognitive functions. It also aimed to compare this activity with colostrum-derived substances (Colostrinin, Coloco), which have a confirmed impact on learning and memory. In the study, the effect of Yolkin, administered to rats of different ages, who performed various tasks involving spatial and episodic memory, motor functions and exploratory behavior, was assessed.

Hydrolysis with Cucurbita ficifolia serine protease reduces antigenic response to bovine whey protein concentrate and αs-casein.

In the present study the effect of hydrolysis with non-commercial Cucurbita ficifolia serine protease on a reduction of the IgE and IgG binding capacity of whey protein concentrate and αs-casein was investigated. The intensity of the protein degradation was analyzed by the degree of hydrolysis, the free amino groups content and RP-HPLC. The ability to bind the antibodies by native proteins and their hydrolysates was determined using a competitive ELISA test.

Multifunctional peptides derived from an egg yolk protein hydrolysate: isolation and characterization.

An egg yolk protein by-product following ethanol extraction of phospholipids (YP) was hydrolyzed with pepsin to produce and identify novel peptides that revealed antioxidant, ACE inhibitory and antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory) activities. The peptic hydrolysate of YP was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Isolated peptides were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF) and the Mascot Search Results database.

Egg-yolk protein by-product as a source of ACE-inhibitory peptides obtained with using unconventional proteinase from Asian pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia).

Unlabelled: In the present study angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were isolated from egg-yolk protein preparation (YP). Enzymatic hydrolysis conducted using unconventional enzyme from Cucurbita ficifolia (dose: 1000 U/mg of hydrolyzed YP (E/S (w/w)=1:7.52)) was employed to obtain protein hydrolysates.

An attractive way of egg white protein by-product use for producing of novel anti-hypertensive peptides.

The aim of this study was to (i) examine how enzymatic hydrolysis with a non-commercially available proteinase of fig-leaf gourd fruit (Cucurbita ficifolia) increased the use value of egg white protein preparations, generated as byproducts in the industrial process of lysozyme and cystatin isolation from egg white, and (ii) evaluate the inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) by the obtained hydrolysates. Purification procedures including membrane filtration, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) led to the production of several peptide fractions. Two novel ovalbumin-derived tetrapeptides: SWVE (f 148-151) and DILN (f 86-89) with ACE inhibitory activity were obtained.