Interaction of Proteins Involved in Neuronal Proteinopathies.

Proteinopathy is characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of a specific protein in a target organ, tissue, or cell. The aggregation of the same protein can cause different pathologies as single protein can adopt various amyloidogenic, disease-specific conformations. The conformation governs the interaction of amyloid aggregates with other proteins that are prone to misfolding and, thus, determines disease-specific spectrum of concomitant pathologies.

[Neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment in older adults.].

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) - is a clinical and radiological phenomenon characteristic of older adults. Currently, the extent of white matter lesions (WML) in patients with moderate cognitive disorders remains uncertain. Also, the relationship of cognitive impairment with the volume of WML has not been sufficiently studied.

Impaired Sphingolipid Hydrolase Activities in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Multiple System Atrophy.

The synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the oligomerization of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons or glial cells. Recent studies provide data that ceramide metabolism impairment may play a role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its influence on alpha-synuclein accumulation. The aim of the current study was to assess changes in activities of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism in patients with different synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA)).

Development of molecular tools for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease that are based on detection of amyloidogenic proteins.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that usually occurs among older people. AD results from neuronal degeneration that leads to the cognitive impairment and death. AD is incurable, typically develops over the course of many years and is accompanied by a loss of functional autonomy, making a patient completely dependent on family members and/or healthcare workers.

[Comparative analysis of unsaturated indicators fatty acids in elderly patients in initial stages of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.].

A decrease in cognitive functions up to the development of dementia in the elderly is associated with a decrease in the blood level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3, which occurs against the background of oxidative stress. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the spectrum of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the activity of individual components of the enzymatic antioxidant system in the blood of elderly people with impaired cognitive performance to the level of «mild cognitive decline» (MCI AD, prodromal Alzheimer's disease) or vascular etiology (MCI VaD, prodromal vascular dementia) compared with older people without signs of cognitive impairment. A decrease in the concentration of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood of both groups of the examined patients was revealed compared with the control group.

Plasma cytokine profile in synucleinophaties with dementia.

Immune response may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the common synucleinopathy as Parkinson's disease (PD) and could be mediated with the accumulation of neurotoxic alpha-synuclein. There is limited evidence for immune response in another synucleinopathy as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Recent data suggest that immune response may contribute to cognitive impairment.

[What is normal cognitive aging?].

Using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III), the Stroop Test (ST), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), we examined 44 respondents of an almost healthy «age norm» from 52 to 95 years old. Depending on age, the sample was divided into 2 groups, the first group included people under the age of 65 years (64 years old inclusive), the second group consisted of subjects over 65 years old. Statistically significant differences in the results of the survey of respondents of the two groups by the ACE-III were found in Memory and Total score indicators, while the level of cognitive functioning measured by the ACE-III decreased with age.

[A study of the duration of the disease as a risk factor for the development of hospitalization in elderly psychiatric patients.].

Phenomenon of hospitalism in elderly patients with mental disorders is an extremely important clinical, social and economic problem. 155 patients of the gerontopsychiatric hospital were examined, 75 of them showed signs of hospitalism, and 80 made up a control group. A subgroup of patients with signs and short duration of the disease was isolated, the duration of treatment in the hospital of these patients was 133,5±42,24 days (in the corresponding control subgroup 72,11±37,11 days, p<0,05).

[Oxidative stress and its effect on cells functional activity of alzheimer's disease].

The paper summarizes literature data on the importance of oxidative stress as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. The paper describes the main specific and nonspecific ways of reactive oxygen species generation in the course of the disease development. The effect of reactive oxygen species generated by the functional activity of cells, i.

[The recovery model of schizophrenia: could it be currently used?].

Unlabelled: The long-term antipsychotic treatment remains one of the main methods of treatment of schizophrenia. Drug choice is determined by a plethora of factors though two groups of antipsychotics (traditional neuroleptics and atypical antipsychotics) are currently the basic ones. The development of a new generation of atypical antipsychotics has given the possibility to improve significantly treatment

Results: The article presents the data on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of ziprasidone, its efficacy and safety in schizophrenia, including its treatment-refractory forms.