POLYAMINES AS NEW POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER AND ESTIMATION OF ITS AGGRESSIVENESS.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in older men. The study of tissue markers of PCa can provide information about the state of proliferation and apoptosis in tumors, the susceptibility of tumor cells to metastasis and the mechanisms of resistance to therapy, which, in turn, can help predict the course of the disease and develop personalized treatment. Polyamines (PAs) spermine, spermidine, putrescine are of particular interest in terms of PCa tissue markers.

Application of gold and silver nanoparticles for selective assay of spermine in mixture with spermidine.

Aim: To assess the applicability of the novel technique based on the detection of spermine in solutions by spectrocolorimetric method using gold and silver colloidal nanoparticles.

Materials And Methods: Colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of tetrachlorauric acid with trisodium citrate. Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles was obtained by chemical reduction of silver nitrate with tryptophan.

Green tea, red wine and lemon extracts reduce experimental tumor growth and cancer drug toxicity.

Aim: To evaluate antitumor effect of plant polyphenol extracts from green tea, red wine lees and/or lemon peel alone and in combination with antitumor drugs on the growth of different transplanted tumors in experimental animals.

Materials And Methods: Green tea extract (GTE) was prepared from green tea infusion. GTE-based composites of red wine (GTRW), lemon peel (GTRWL) and/or NanoGTE as well as corresponding nanocomposites were prepared.

Effect of polyamine metabolism inhibitors on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and metastasis.

Aim: To study the influence of polyamine metabolism inhibitors on the growth, metastasis and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of Lewis lung carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Experiments were performed on female mice C57Bl/6 with Lewis lung carcinoma. Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine (nor-NOHA) and α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) were used as arginase and ODC inhibitors, correspondently.

Relationship between NF-κB, ER, PR, Her2/neu, Ki67, p53 expression in human breast cancer.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate expression patterns of transcription factor NF-κB (p50 and p65), ER, PR, Her2/neu, Ki-67 and p53 in tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer (BC) and analyze correlation between these markers.

Patients And Methods: 62 BC patients previously not treated with chemo- or radiotherapy were included in the study. All tumors belong to invasive ductal carcinoma of different grade.

[The biological and diagnostic implication of the comparative data on expression of the same protein, obtained by Western blotting and surface plasmone resonance tests].

The comparative analysis of the data on the expression of the same modulating protein MX, obtained on the same biological materials by Western blotting and surface plasmone resonance tests was shown to provide in most cases a semiquantitative opinion as to modulation of MX affinity to its specific target (effector X protein) under the experimental action of F. This is doubtlessly to offer additional possibilities for the prediction and differential diagnosis of a number of diseases, including cancer.

Effects of green and black tea biocomposites on endogenous synthesis, metabolism and genotoxic effect of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine.

Aim: To study the modifying effect of green and black tea biocomposites on endogenous synthesis and genotoxic action of the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine.

Methods: Green and black tea biocomposites were administered to the white inbred rats in vivo. Amidopyrine and sodium nitrite were used as N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors and 4-methylpyrazol as an inhibitor of its metabolism.

[Polyamines and mental diseases].

The authors make an attempt to understand and evaluate the role of polyamines in the development of endogenous mental diseases. The article is dedicated to distribution and exchange of polyamines in the central nervous system, their metabolic and regulatory associations with gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopaminergic systems, as well as to possible neuromediatory and neuromodulatory functions of polyamines. The paper is also concerned with effects of psychotropic agents on polyamine metabolism and contains a hypothesis on the role of polyamines in etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.

[Effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine and polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PMG), polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on leucosis L1210 growth kinetics and life expectancy of animals with cancer].

The article deals with the study of polyamines content and y-glutamiltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activity in leucosis L1210 cells under the influence of inhibitors of polyamines synthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO) and polyhexamethylenguanidine (PMG). Injections of alpha-DFMO and PMG to animals essentially reduce putrescine and spermidine concentrations, and the levels of spermine and gamma-GTP activity increase under this influence. These modulation were associated with L1210 leucosis growth retardation.

Role of polyamines in the function of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB in breast cancer cells.

Unlabelled: The aim of the work was the investigation of the influence of polyamines on formation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) complex with specific DNA-sequences nuclear response elements (NRE), and the study of content of p50 and p65 (NF-kappaB subunits) in breast tumor cells under polyamines metabolism modulation.

Methods: The model experiments in vitro were carried out on cultured MCF-7 cells, in vivo experiments -- on experimental Ca755 and Walker-256 tumors using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Western-blotting analysis.

Results: The data have demonstrated that polyamines falicitated p50 -- NRE binding.

Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in adenocarcinomas of human stomach and large intestine.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and differential polyamine composition have been studied in macroscopically normal mucosa, adjacent mucosa, and neoplastic tissue of 95 patients with adenocarcinomas of stomach and large intestine. In tumors, we found increased ODC activity and polyamine content as compared with surrounding mucosa. ODC activity in macroscopically normal tissue of patients with tumors of stomach and large intestine increased as the disease progressed.

[Antimetastatic effect of L-lysine-alpha oxidase].

The influence of a new antitumor enzyme L-lysine alpha-oxidase on Lewis lung carcinoma spreading was studied in mice in which primary tumor had been removed. The enzyme was found to significantly decrease the extent and number of lung metastases as compared to mice which hadn't received L-lysine alpha-oxidase. This was matched by recovery of alveolar macrophages functional activity, as assessed by adenosine deaminase and 5' nucleotidase levels in these cells.

[Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine contents in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis of the intestines in rats].

The ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and concentration of polyamines have been studied in small and large intestine during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in rats. Changes in the polyamine biosynthesis consisting both in enhanced ODC activity and an increase of the intracellular content of putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Process of the polyamine synthesis activation proceeds in two phases: the most expressed and similar changes in polyamine metabolism factors have been observed at early (the 1st month) and late (the 5th-6th months) stages of carcinogenesis.

[Effect of cyclophosphane on polyamine excretion in rats with Guérin's carcinoma and Pliss' lymphosarcoma].

Polyamines were determined in the urine of rats with the Guerin carcinoma and Pliss lymphosarcoma treated with cyclophosphamide. Alterations in polyamine distribution and rise of the spermidine/putrescine ratio were caused by the tumor regression or partial inhibition of the tumor growth. Regression of the Guerin carcinoma was accompanied by a rise of spermidine concentration in urine.

[Polyamines of lymphocytes in animals in an experimental tumor process].

Total content and individual fractions of polyamines were studied in lymphocytes of thymus and spleen tissues as well as in lymphatic glands of mice with Lewis carcinoma (strain C57BL/6). Fraction composition as well as total content of polyamines were altered during malignization, as a result of which proliferative activity of lymphocytes was shifted.

[Increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels of the rat liver during an early period of hepatocarcinogenesis].

The ornithine decarboxylase activity and the polyamine content in the fraction of plasma membranes and cytosol of the rat liver are studied in the early period (1-4 weeks) of nitrosodiethyl amine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The enzyme activity and polyamine levels in the cytosol of the rat liver cells are found to increase sharply during the first month of the disease, the maximum being observed the first-second week. By the end of the fourth week these indices become lower but they remain significantly higher than the normal levels.

[Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in human adenocarcinomas of the stomach and large intestine].

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine content were studied in the intact mucosa and tumours of human stomach and large intestine adenocarcinomas. ODC activity has been found to be much higher in the neoplastic tissue than in the corresponding intact mucosa. Concentrations of polyamines in neoplasms were also higher than in mucosa.

[Diagnostic and prognostic importance of the polyamine test of patients with ovarian tumors].

Assays of urine-polyamine levels were run in 66 patients with ovarian tumors. The levels of polyamine excretion were found to be significantly higher in cases of malignant epithelial tumors than in control. In the course of effective therapy, polyamine concentration showed a sharp increase followed by a decrease in posttreatment period.

[Various aspects of the biological role of polyamines in normal and malignant growth].

The data on location of polyamines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) in cells of different tissues and organs, intracellular polyamines distribution and the factors controlling polyamine metabolism are reviewed. Certain aspects of a regulatory role of polyamines in nucleic acid and protein synthesis and of changes in the activity of the enzymes participating in the synthesis and degradation of polyamines in the neoplastic growth are dealth with. The data available in literature and the results of the authors own investigations concerning the use of the polyamine test for diagnosis and evaluation of malignant tumours treatment efficiency are presented.