Inflammaging Markers in the Extremely Cold Climate: A Case Study of Yakutian Population.

Yakutia is one of the coldest permanently inhabited regions in the world, characterized by a subarctic climate with average January temperatures near -40 °C and the minimum below -60 °C. Recently, we demonstrated accelerated epigenetic aging of the Yakutian population in comparison to their Central Russian counterparts, residing in a considerably milder climate. In this paper, we analyzed these cohorts from the inflammaging perspective and addressed two hypotheses: a mismatch in the immunological profiles and accelerated inflammatory aging in Yakuts.

Epigenetics of the far northern Yakutian population.

Background: Yakuts are one of the indigenous populations of the subarctic and arctic territories of Siberia characterized by a continental subarctic climate with severe winters, with the regular January average temperature in the regional capital city of Yakutsk dipping below - 40 °C. The epigenetic mechanisms of adaptation to such ecologies and environments and, in particular, epigenetic age acceleration in the local population have not been studied before.

Results: This work reports the first epigenetic study of the Yakutian population using whole-blood DNA methylation data, supplemented with the comparison to the residents of Central Russia.

Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among young adults in northeastern Siberia and Midwest United States and its relationship with other biological adaptations to cold climates.

Objectives: Recent research suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a functional role in non-shivering thermogenesis; however, few studies have examined population variation in BAT or its relationship with other mechanisms of adaptation to cold stress. This study characterized BAT thermogenesis and other adaptive responses to low temperatures among Indigenous Siberian young adults and young adults living near Chicago, IL.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 72 Yakut participants (42 females; 30 males) and 54 participants in Evanston, IL (40 females; 14 males).

Evidence for a sensitive period of plasticity in brown adipose tissue during early childhood among indigenous Siberians.

Objectives: Evolutionary theorists have debated the adaptive significance of developmental plasticity in organisms with long lifespans such as humans. This debate in part stems from uncertainty regarding the timing of sensitive periods. Does sensitivity to environmental signals fluctuate across development or does it steadily decline? We investigated developmental plasticity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) among indigenous Siberians in order to explore the timing of phenotypic sensitivity to cold stress.

[Apathy in depression: a morphometric analysis].

Aim: To study structural correlates of apathy in patients with late-life depression.

Material And Methods: Thirty-five patients (≥60 y.o.

Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia.

Objectives: This study provides the first investigation of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity among an indigenous circumpolar population, the Yakut of northeastern Siberia. The study also examines the health significance of BAT activity in this population by testing the relationships between BAT thermogenesis and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease risk, such as percent body fat and blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

Methods: Data were collected in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for 31 men and 43 women.

[The Attitude to One's Own Health Among Native Residents of Yakutia].

The study was carried out concerning value reference points and attitudes of native population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) intended for health preservation. The analysis was applied to answers of 292 respondents residing in rural area of Yakutia. The analysis of answers of value motivation section demonstrated that for most respondents their health is a priority value of life.

[The evaluation of economic damage due to premature mortality of population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].

The evaluation of economic damage was implemented in relation to premature mortality of population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the region with particular social economic and natural climatic conditions specific to territories of the North. The calculation of economic damage is based on methodology proposed by number of ministries of the Russian Federation and Rosstat in 2012. The presented evaluations and analysis of materials give an idea about total amount of economic damage because of mortality of population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) which is necessary to consider during development of regional programs of decreasing of population mortality.

[THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOMATOTYPE AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF STUDENT YOUTH OF THE NORTHEAST OF RUSSIA].

The article considers results of single-step study in random sampling of female students of the M.K. Ammosov north-east federal university (n=456).

[The evaluation of health condition of first year students].

The study was organized to evaluate initial health condition and to detect risk factors of chronic diseases in first year students of University. The sampling consisted of 649 students aged from 15 to 30 years (mean age is 18.8 ± 1.

[Effectiveness of pre-hospital thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction].

The efficacy and risk of prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (MI) were evaluated in a randomized trial. Patients received streptokinase, 500,000 U, and heparin, 10,000 U, intravenously within 5-10 minutes before (Group 1, n = 50) or after (Group 2, n = 50) hospital admission. One hundred patients took conventional therapy (Group 3).

[Results of field work in the detection of tuberculosis in children and adolescents of rural areas of Uzbekistan].

The materials of a combined examination of 72,348 children and adolescents of two rural areas during field work are presented. Reversion to tuberculin tests was found in 2,837 (3.7%) of the children.

[Epidemiology and clinical picture of tuberculosis in children in an ecologically unfavorable coastal zone near the Aral Sea].

Tuberculosis epidemiology was studied in children living in the Ara Sea costal region, in particular in the Karakalpakia, where tuberculosis incidence is twice as high as in the whole region on the average. In conditions of mass dispensarization of the population the rate of tuberculosis detection in children who undergo fluorographic examination from the age of 7 years was 0.06%.

[Status of immunity in newborn infants and young children born to mothers with tuberculosis].

The children born to tuberculosis mothers show a decline in T-lymphocyte count and in their functional activity, an increase in specific immunity parameters, which is manifested by a higher level of antituberculosis antibodies and a marked proliferative lymphocyte response to tuberculin. It has been established that the level of specific antibodies in children and their mothers is related to the clinical form of tuberculosis. The discovered features of specific and nonspecific immunity in newborns and infants born to tuberculosis mothers should be considered in the organization of preventive measures in this group of children.

[Clinico-laboratory diagnosis of adverse reactions in children to antitubercular drugs in different combinations].

To clarify side effects in children, which resulted from the treatment of intrathoracic tuberculosis with rifampicin, 72 patients were examined. The findings were compared with those on 58 identical patients who received a routine combination of chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence, on the basis of this observation it was found that there were no differences in the incidence of adverse reactions in the compared groups, though their nature was varying.

[The organization of prophylactic measures among children living in rural foci of tuberculous infection].

An epidemiological situation in the foci of tuberculous infection was studied in some rural areas of Uzbekistan. 74.1 per cent of the children lived in the foci of tuberculous infection estimated as belonging to group I epidemiological risk.

[Role of comprehensive examination of the population in regard to tuberculosis in rural areas of Uzbekistan].

The paper presents data on inspection of sanitary and hygienic conditions in rural areas of Uzbekistan, fluorographic examination of the inhabitants, investigation of tuberculin skin sensitivity in them, the effect of pesticides on the process of tuberculosis in man, efficacy of its treatment and frequency of various mycobacterial species in tuberculous patients. It was shown that unfavourable epidemiological situation with respect to tuberculosis in the rural areas, particularly in cotton raising and cattle breeding areas were due to the unfavourable labour and living conditions, sanitary culture, situation with respect to tuberculosis in some animal farms and intensive use of pesticides in agriculture.

[Treatment of acute left-ventricular insufficiency complicated by tachyarrhythmia under conditions of cardiological emergency service].

The article analyses 188 cases treated for acute left ventricular insufficiency (ALVI) in different forms of tachyarrhythmia. It was established that in patients with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia ALVI develops when the rate of cardiac contractions is 180 +/- 3/min on the average, whereas in patients with cardiac fibrillation it develops when the rate of contractions is 163 +/- 4/min. For successful treatment of ALVI of a tachyarrhythmic character it is necessary to restore the sinus rhythm or slow down the rhythm of cardiac contractions in patients with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia to 113 +/- 5/min on the average and in patients with cardiac fibrillation to 118 +/- 2/min.