Blood plasma proteomic markers of Alzheimer's disease, current status and application prospects.

Introduction: Identifying early risks of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major challenge as the number of patients with AD steadily increases and requires innovative solutions. Current molecular diagnostic modalities, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, exhibit limitations in their applicability for large-scale screening. In recent years, there has been a marked shift toward the development of blood plasma-based diagnostic tests, which offer a more accessible and clinically viable alternative for widespread use.

Current Progress in the Development of mRNA Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections.

Bacterial infections have accompanied humanity for centuries. The discovery of the first antibiotics and the subsequent golden era of their discovery temporarily shifted the balance in this confrontation to the side of humans. Nevertheless, the excessive and improper use of antibacterial drugs and the evolution of bacteria has gotten the better of humans again.

The specifics of integrating distance learning technologies with traditional classroom instruction: How to design educational curricula in modern education?

The active and widespread transition to distance learning modalities was prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and is currently considered a prospective paradigm for the development of the education system. This shift necessitates the creation of corresponding curricula and programs capable of fostering student competencies through online and blended learning. The purpose of this research is to examine the specifics and formulate an algorithm for the development of educational programs incorporating distance and blended learning technologies.

A Cap-Optimized mRNA Encoding Multiepitope Antigen ESAT6 Induces Robust Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against .

Tuberculosis is a deadly bacterial disease and the second most common cause of death from monoinfectious diseases worldwide. Comprehensive measures taken by health authorities in various countries in recent decades have saved tens of millions of lives, but the number of new cases of this infection has been steadily increasing in the last few years and already exceeds 10 million new cases annually. The development of new vaccines against tuberculosis is a priority area in the prevention of new cases of the disease.

Absolute Quantitative Targeted Monitoring of Potential Plasma Protein Biomarkers: A Pilot Study on Healthy Individuals.

Background/objectives: The development of blood tests for the early detection of individual predisposition to socially significant diseases remains a pressing issue.

Methods: In this pilot study, multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) with a BAK-270 assay was applied for protein concentrations analysis in blood plasma from 21 healthy volunteers of the European cohort.

Results: The levels of 138 plasma proteins were reliably and precisely quantified in no less than 50% of samples.

Personal Dimensions in First Psychotic Episode Patients with Catatonia.

The study reports findings from an observational cross-sectional study involving patients experiencing their first psychotic episode with acute catatonia (n=82), compared to non-catatonic patients (n=74) and a group of healthy volunteers (n=47). Diagnostic procedures spanned two days: the first involved clinical interviews to assess psychosis structure and gather objective data (from relatives and medical records), while the second included psychometric evaluations using PANSS and BFCRS scales. Between these days, participants completed the Big Five Personality Factor Questionnaire (5PFQ) and Beck's Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ).

Targeted MRM-analysis of plasma proteins in frozen whole blood samples from patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a number of key challenges that need to be urgently addressed. Mass spectrometric studies of blood plasma proteomics provide a deep understanding of the relationship between the severe course of infection and activation of specific pathophysiological pathways. Analysis of plasma proteins in whole blood may also be relevant for the pandemic as it requires minimal sample preparation.

Reproducibility of Radiomic Features in Glial Brain Tumors.

In our recent research, we have effectively demonstrated the feasibility of classifying magnetic resonance images (MRI) of glial tumors into four histological types utilizing standardized volume of interest (VOI), radiomics and machine learning. This research aims to determine the reproducibility of our approach when the locations of VOI are changed. We were able to demonstrate high reproducibility of ML results when the same feature selection methodology was employed across different VOIs.

Surgical treatment of recurrent herniated discs of the lumbar spine depending on risk factors.

Unlabelled: According to the literature, recurrent disc herniation of the lumbar spine occurs in 5-10% of cases. Objective. To develop an algorithm for surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar spine disc herniation based on analysis of risk factors of relapse and assessment of intra- and postoperative period.

Standardized reporting for Head CT Scans in patients suspected of traumatic brain injury (TBI): An international expert endeavor.

Background And Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of health loss and disability worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of TBI is critical for appropriate treatment and management of the condition. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and characterization of TBI.

[Analysis of intracranial saccular aneurysm wall: neuroimaging and histopathological correlates].

Background: Contrast enhancement of intracranial aneurysm wall during MRI with targeted visualization of vascular wall correlates with previous aneurysm rupture and, according to some data, may be a predictor of further rupture of unruptured aneurysms.

Objective: To analyze possible causes of aneurysm contrast enhancement considering morphological data of aneurysm walls.

Material And Methods: The study included 44 patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent preoperative MRI between November 2020 and September 2022.

Ultrasound Diagnosis and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Encephalopathy in Neonates Born under Asphyxia: Narrative Review.

Brain injury resulting from adverse events during pregnancy and delivery is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and disability. Surviving neonates often suffer long-term motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Birth asphyxia is among the most common causes of neonatal encephalopathy.

The Strategy for Peptidomic LC-MS/MS Data Analysis: The Case of Urinary Peptidome Study.

The study of urinary peptidome is an important area of research, which concerns the characterization of endogenous peptides, as well as the identification of biomarkers for a wide range of socially significant diseases. First of all, this relates to renal and genitourinary pathologies and/or pathologies associated with proteinuria, such as kidney diseases, bladder, prostate and ovarian cancers, diabetic nephropathy, and pre-eclampsia. Unlike proteins, peptides do not require proteolytic hydrolysis, can be analyzed in their native form and can provide certain information about occurring (patho)physiological processes.

Non-invasive diagnosis of brain gliomas by histological type using neuroradiomics in standardized regions of interest: towards digital biopsy.

Unlabelled: The future of contemporary neuroimaging does not solely lie in novel image-capturing technologies, but also in better methods for extraction of useful information from these images. Scientists see great promise in radiomics, i.e.

Radiomics Enhances Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Diffuse Axonal Injury.

The aim of our study was to investigate the potential of advanced radiomics in analyzing diffusion kurtosis MRI (DKI) to increase the informativeness of DKI in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). We hypothesized that DKI radiomic features could be used to detect microstructural brain injury and predict outcomes in DAI. The study enrolled 31 patients with DAI (mean age 31.

Magnetic resonance imaging of saccular intracranial aneurysm wall.

Background: Hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms is associated with high risk of adverse outcomes. In this regard, surgical treatment of unruptured asymptomatic aneurysms has been actively developed in recent decades. One of the objectives is searching for predictors of aneurysm rupture to clarify the indications for surgery.

Metastatic brain lesion following gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach complicated by coma.( A case report and literature review).

The authors present an extremely rare case of metastatic brain lesion in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. There are literature data on 23 cases of metastatic lesions of the brain, skull and soft tissues of the head in similar patients. Atypical localization of metastases can lead to some diagnostic difficulties, unreasonable cancellation of chemotherapy and delayed surgical treatment.

Effect of Hydroxyl-Containing Fragments on the Structure and Properties of Membrane-Forming Polyamide-Imides.

The structural features and thermophysical and transport properties of dense nonporous membranes of the casting type from (co)polyamide-imides synthesized by the polycondensation of the diacid chloride of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid and diamines 5,5'-methylene-bis (2-aminophenol) (DADHyDPhM) and 4,4'-methylenebis(benzeneamine) (DADPhM), taken in molar ratios of 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7, have been studied. The effect of hydroxyl-containing modifying fragments of dihydroxy diphenylmethane introduced in various amounts into the main polymer chain on the pervaporation properties of the formed films is discussed. It has been shown that the presence of the residual solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in the films not only has a plasticizing effect on the characteristics of film membranes but also promotes the preferential transmembrane transport of polar liquids, primarily methanol (permeation rate over 2 kg for a copolymer with a ratio of DADHyDPhM:DADPhM = 7:3).

The efficacy of L-carnitine in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and concomitant obesity.

Background: In light of the high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, treatment options for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are of particular interest. The purpose of the study is to assess the efficacy of L-carnitine and its effects on the functional state of the liver, as well as on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and concomitant obesity.

Methods: People in the control group followed a hypocaloric diet and received 1 tablet of simvastatin 20 mg once a day and 2 capsules of essential phospholipids 600 mg three times a day for 90 days.

Perifocal Zone of Brain Gliomas: Application of Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion MRI Values for Tumor Invasion Border Determination.

(1) Purpose: To determine the borders of malignant gliomas with diffusion kurtosis and perfusion MRI biomarkers. (2) Methods: In 50 high-grade glioma patients, diffusion kurtosis and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were determined in contrast-enhancing area, in perifocal infiltrative edema zone, in the normal-appearing peritumoral white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, and in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. Neuronavigation-guided biopsy was performed from all affected hemisphere regions.

Amphiphilic Polypeptides Obtained by Post-Polymerization Modification of Poly-l-Lysine as Systems for Combined Delivery of Paclitaxel and siRNA.

The development of effective anti-cancer therapeutics remains one of the current pharmaceutical challenges. The joint delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and biopharmaceuticals is a cutting-edge approach to creating therapeutic agents of enhanced efficacy. In this study, amphiphilic polypeptide delivery systems capable of loading both hydrophobic drug and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were developed.

Targeted MRM Quantification of Urinary Proteins in Chronic Kidney Disease Caused by Glomerulopathies.

Glomerulopathies with nephrotic syndrome that are resistant to therapy often progress to end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and require timely and accurate diagnosis. Targeted quantitative urine proteome analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) is a promising tool for early CKD diagnostics that could replace the invasive biopsy procedure. However, there are few studies regarding the development of highly multiplexed MRM assays for urine proteome analysis, and the two MRM assays for urine proteomics described so far demonstrate very low consistency.