Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals the Role of Translation Elongation Efficiency Optimisation in the Evolution of Genus.

Translation efficiency modulates gene expression in prokaryotes. The comparative analysis of translation elongation efficiency characteristics of genus bacteria genomes revealed that these characteristics diverge in accordance with the phylogeny of . The first branch of this genus is a group of bacteria commonly found in moist environments such as soil and water that includes the species , , and , which are also described as nosocomial infection pathogens.

Antitumor efficacy of multi-target vaccinations with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, anti-OX40, anti-PD1 antibodies, and aptamers.

To overcome immune tolerance to cancer, the immune system needs to be exposed to a multi-target action intervention. Here, we investigated the activating effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs, anti-OX40 antibodies, and OX40 RNA aptamers on major populations of immunocompetent cells . Comparative analysis of the antitumor effects of vaccination with CpG ODNs and anti-OX40 antibodies, as well as several other combinations, such as mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs and OX40 RNA aptamers, was conducted.

Experimental Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Novel Anticancer Therapies.

Background/aim: We compared the therapeutic efficacy of two recently developed experimental anticancer technologies: 1) in situ vaccination based on local immunotherapy with CpG oligonucleotides and anti-OX40 antibodies to activate antitumor immune response and 2) "Karanahan" technology [from the Sanskrit kāraṇa ('source') + han ('to kill')] based on the combined injection of cyclophosphamide and double-stranded DNA to eradicate cancer stem cells.

Materials And Methods: The anticancer approaches were compared on three types of mouse malignant tumors with different grades of immunogenicity: weakly immunogenic carcinoma Krebs-2, moderately immunogenic Lewis carcinoma, and highly immunogenic A20 В-cellular lymphoma.

Results: Our results indicated that in situ vaccination was the most effective against the highly immunogenic tumor А20.

SNPs associated with barley resistance to isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres.

Background: Net blotch caused by Pyrenophra teres f. teres is a major foliar disease of barley. Infection can result in significant yield losses of susceptible cultivars of up to 40%.

Phylostratigraphic Analysis Shows the Earliest Origination of the Abiotic Stress Associated Genes in .

Plants constantly fight with stressful factors as high or low temperature, drought, soil salinity and flooding. Plants have evolved a set of stress response mechanisms, which involve physiological and biochemical changes that result in adaptive or morphological changes. At a molecular level, stress response in plants is performed by genetic networks, which also undergo changes in the process of evolution.

Orthoscape: a cytoscape application for grouping and visualization KEGG based gene networks by taxonomy and homology principles.

Background: There are many available software tools for visualization and analysis of biological networks. Among them, Cytoscape ( http://cytoscape.org/ ) is one of the most comprehensive packages, with many plugins and applications which extends its functionality by providing analysis of protein-protein interaction, gene regulatory and gene co-expression networks, metabolic, signaling, neural as well as ecological-type networks including food webs, communities networks etc.