Effect of low doses of gamma irradiation before incubation on hatchability and body weight of broiler chickens hatched under commercial conditions.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of low doses of gamma irradiation before incubation on hatchability of eggs and body weight of chick at hatching. Commercial broiler parent stocks in their first laying year were used to supply hatching eggs. Five, four, and three independent trials of each dose were conducted at weekly intervals for a total of 10, 12, and 15 units for Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Sex differences in the effect of intermittent compared with continuous light on growth rate, testes and body weight of broilers reared under commercial conditions.

The effect of intermittent light (IL) on the growth of broilers was tested under commercial conditions. One-d-old chickens were subjected to continuous light (CL) until 7 d of age and then received either CL or 7.5L:4.

The relationships of clutch length and egg position on ovarian follicular growth in laying hens.

To analyze characteristics of follicular rapid growth patterns in relation to clutch length and egg position in various clutch lengths, Sudan black and red were alternately injected intravenously into laying hens. The average growth period tended to decrease as clutch size increased, and this was accompanied by an increase in growth rate. The number of growing follicles and the total amount of daily yolk deposition in layers with short clutches were less than in layers exhibiting long clutches.

Time of follicular transformation to the rapid growth phase in relation to the ovulatory cycle of laying hens.

To demonstrate time of transformation of ovarian follicles from the resting stage to the rapid growth phase, Sudan black in ethanol was intravenously injected into laying hens, and 4 hr later Sudan red in water was injected into the same hens; the hens were killed 4 hr after the last injection for observation of the follicles. Injections were made at various times during an ovulatory cycle. In an additional experiment, hourly yolk deposition in the dark period (1900 to 0500 hr) was compared with that in the light period.

The effect of aging on the ovarian follicular growth in laying hens.

Two kinds of the fat-soluble dye, Sudan black and red, were intravenously injected on alternate days into layers aged from 5 to 23 months to study the growth pattern of the ovarian follicle in relation to aging. Results indicated: 1) the length of the rapid growth period showed a tendency to shorten during 5 to 11 months, then to lengthen from 15 to 23 months of age; 2) there was a continuous increase in follicular volume at ovulation with the progress of age; 3) the growth rate (degree of curvature of the growth line calculated in each follicle) was low at 5 months, increased from 8 to 11 months, and remained constant thereafter; 4) during the first year of age, the number of growing follicles in the ovary decreased gradually, whereas the total amount of daily yolk deposition increased. During the second year of age, both the number of growing follicles and total yolk deposition remained constant.

Proteolysis and flash photolysis of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane fragments.

Pronase treatment of aqueous suspensions of purple membrane fragments from H.halobium leads to the cleavage of bacteriorhodopsin. The protein fragments remaining in the membrane after treatment with relatively small concentrations of enzyme (2% w/w) in normal daylight range in molecular weight from 20,000--21,000 daltons, indicating that cleavage occurs mainly near the extremities of the protein chain.

A technique for fabricating dies.

A technique for fabricating dies without using a die saw has been described. The technique saves the time consumed in sawing the dies and eliminates the hazards of using a die saw. It is particularly advantageous when little space exists between dies since the Zolnowski matrix band is thinner than the thinnest saw blade.

Alkaline phosphatase in the thymus.

(1) Fetal thymuses, organs from patients who died from diseases that are not clinically known to be associated with concomitant lymphoid tissue involvement, as well as thymuses from patients dying from diseases which effect the lymphatic complex of the body, one way or another, have been investigated for their alkaline phosphatase activity, using Gomori technique and applying four different phosphate esters as substrates. (2) Three substrates (beta-glycerophophate, riboflavin 5-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate) showed essentially the same pattern of activity in which the cortex and Hassall's corpuscles were reactive, while the medulla was negative. A reversal of this pattern was demonstrated with 5-monophosphoric acid.

Cholinesterase activity in some human lymphatic organs.

(1) Cholinesterase activity was investigated in some human lymphatic organs (palatine tonsil, 'normal' spleen, 'bilharzial' spleen, thymus, lymph node and appendix) using GOMORI'S modification of KOELLE and FRIEDENWALD'S thiocholine iodide method, hydrolyzing acetylthiocholine iodide and butyrylthiocholine iodide. (a) Acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases seemed to be different enzymes; but when they have the same pattern of activity, the latter generally offers a weaker reaction. (b) All the lymphatic follicles of the tonsil, those found in the cortex of the cervical lymph nodes as well as those present in the appendix, were stainable with both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase.

Histochemistry of normal and diseased human lymph nodes.

Gomori's metal precipitate technique was used to demonstrate the phosphatase activity of the human cervical lymph node in health and disease, using four different phosphate esters (sodium beta-glycerophosphate and adenosine triphosphate at pH 9, riboflavin 5'-phosphate at pH 9.2 and 5'-monophosphoric acid at pH 8.3).

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the human tonsils and its relation to tonsillar diseases.

Alkaline phosphatase activity was examined in the human tonsils in fetal life and after repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis and in quinsy. Gomori's metal precipitate technique was used to demonstrate the phosphatase activity using four different substrates: sodium beta-glycerophosphate and adenosine triphosphate at pH 9, riboflavin 5-phosphate at pH 9.2 and 5-monophosphoric acid at pH 8.

Methods to preclude aspiration or swallowing of dental appliances.

A technique which precludes the swallowing of dental restorations during fitting and cementation has been described. An alternative technique is to spot-weld a small loop or wire to the finished crown. Dental floss may be attached to the loop.