Muscle-specific neuromuscular responses during running with blood flow restriction.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle excitation at maximal running capacity without blood flow restriction (BFR) relative to submaximal running bouts with BFR. Fourteen college-aged males randomly completed four, three-minute running bouts at 70, 80, and 90% of peak speed with BFR (70%, 80%, and 90%) and without BFR at 100% of their peak speed (100%). The surface electromyographic amplitudes of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis muscles were assessed.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.

Introduction: This guideline establishes clinical practice recommendations for treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) in adults and pediatric patients.

Methods: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) commissioned a task force of experts in sleep medicine to develop recommendations and assign strengths based on a systematic review of the literature and an assessment of the evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation methodology. The task force provided a summary of the relevant literature and the certainty of evidence, the balance of benefits and harms, patient values and preferences, and resource use considerations that support the recommendations.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.

Introduction: This systematic review provides supporting evidence for the accompanying clinical practice guideline on the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.

Methods: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine commissioned a task force of experts in sleep medicine. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that compared the use of pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatment to no treatment to improve patient-important outcomes.

PTPN22 intron polymorphism rs1310182 (c.2054-852T>C) is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients of Armenian descent.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), is an archetypal non-HLA autoimmunity gene. It is one of the most prominent genetic contributors to type 1 diabetes mellitus outside the HLA region, and prevalence of its risk variants is subject to enormous geographic variability. Here, we address the genetic background of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus of Armenian descent.

Sleep symptoms signaling the menopausal transition.

Study Objectives: To describe changes in sleep quality and associated sleep symptoms as women begin menopausal transition compared with premenopausal controls.

Methods: In a repeated-measures design, we analyzed data collected every 2-6 months from a community-based sample of 223 women aged 40-50 (45.6 ± 2.

Management of REM sleep behavior disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.

Introduction: This guideline establishes clinical practice recommendations for the management of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in adults.

Methods: The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) commissioned a task force of experts in sleep medicine to develop recommendations and assign strengths based on a systematic review of the literature and an assessment of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. The task force provided a summary of the relevant literature and the certainty of evidence, the balance of benefits and harms, patient values and preferences, and resource use considerations that support the recommendations.

Management of REM sleep behavior disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.

Unlabelled: This systematic review provides supporting evidence for a clinical practice guideline for the management of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder in adults and children. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine commissioned a task force of 7 experts in sleep medicine. A systematic review was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies that addressed interventions for the management of REM sleep behavior disorder in adults and children.

Sleep Self-Report and Actigraphy Measures in Healthy Midlife Women: Validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) has not been established for midlife women before menopause, and evidence suggests that two-factor or three-factor models may be more informative than the PSQI global score derived from its seven components. We hypothesized that the PSQI and its factor structure would be valid in premenopausal women. We performed a validation study of the PSQI against wrist actigraphy in a community-based convenience sample of 71 healthy premenopausal women (aged 40-50 years).

Processed electroencephalography: impact of patient age and surgical position on intraoperative processed electroencephalogram monitoring of burst-suppression.

We previously reported that processed EEG underestimated the amount of burst suppression compared to off-line visual analysis. We performed a follow-up study to evaluate the reasons for the discordance. Forty-five patients were monitored intraoperatively with processed EEG.

The glass is half full: gender diversity in sleep medicine award recognition.

Zak RS, Lee KA. The glass is half full: gender diversity in sleep medicine award recognition. 2021;17(8):1517-1518.

Sleep disruption is not observed with brain-responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy.

Objective: Neurostimulation devices that deliver electrical impulses to the nervous system are widely used to treat seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy, but the effects of these therapies on sleep are incompletely understood. Vagus nerve stimulation can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, and thalamic deep brain stimulation can cause sleep disruption. A device for brain-responsive neurostimulation (RNS System, NeuroPace, Inc) is well tolerated in clinical trials, but potential effects on sleep are unknown.

Supporting American Academy of Neurology's new clinical practice guideline on evaluation and management of insomnia in children with autism.

Rosen CL, Aurora RN, Kapur VK, et al. Supporting American Academy of Neurology’s new clinical practice guideline on evaluation and management of insomnia in children with autism. .

Validation of the self-administered version of the international Restless Legs Syndrome study group severity rating scale - The sIRLS.

Introduction: The International Restless Legs Study Group (IRLSSG) has developed the IRLS (International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale) and validated it as a clinician/researcher administered scale to be used when both patient and examiner are present. The IRLSSG recognized the need for a self-completing scale that can be used economically in clinical practice and in large population-based studies. In this study the validity and the reliability of the IRLS as a self-administered scale (sIRLS) is assessed.

Sleep Disturbances in Midlife Women at the Cusp of the Menopausal Transition.

Study Objectives: To compare causes of sleep disturbance and to compare self-reported sleep duration among groups of late premenopausal women and early perimenopausal women.

Methods: In a longitudinal study of a community-based sample of healthy women 40 to 50 years of age, menstrual cycle and symptom data were collected every 2 months; anthropometric measures, a urine sample for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measures were collected every 6 months.

Results: At 12 to 18 months, 206 women remained premenopausal and 69 women became perimenopausal.

Ingestion of an Amino Acid Electrolyte Beverage during Resistance Exercise Does Not Impact Fluid Shifts into Muscle or Performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ingesting an amino acid-electrolyte (AAE) beverage during upper body resistance exercise on transient muscle hypertrophy, exercise performance, markers of muscle damage, and recovery. Participants ( = 15) performed three sets of six repetitions-bench press, lat pull down, incline press, and seated row-followed by three sets of eight repetitions at 75% of the estimated 1 repetition maximum-triceps kickback, hammer curl, triceps push down, and preacher curl-with 90 s of rest between sets. The final set of the push down/preacher curl was performed to failure.

Position Paper for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Paper.

Introduction: Nightmare disorder affects approximately 4% of adults, occurring in isolation or as part of other disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and can significantly impair quality of life. This paper provides the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) position regarding various treatments of nightmare disorder in adults.

Methods: A literature search was performed based upon the keywords and MeSH terms from the Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of Nightmare Disorder in Adults that was published in 2010 by the AASM.

Effects of exercise in a cold environment on transcriptional control of PGC-1α.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA is increased with both exercise and exposure to cold temperature. However, transcriptional control has yet to be examined during exercise in the cold. Additionally, the need for environmental cold exposure after exercise may not be a practical recovery modality.

Impact of local heating and cooling on skeletal muscle transcriptional response related to myogenesis and proteolysis.

Purpose: To determine the impact of local muscle heating and cooling on myogenic and proteolytic gene responses following resistance exercise.

Methods: Recreationally trained males (n = 12), age 25.3 ± 1.

Leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin responses to endurance exercise in different ambient conditions.

Unlabelled: Excessive positive energy balance is a major factor leading to obesity. The ability to alter the appetite-regulating hormones leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin may help decrease excessive energy intake. Exercise and exposure to extreme temperatures can independently affect these appetite-regulating hormones.

Burst-suppression ratio underestimates absolute duration of electroencephalogram suppression compared with visual analysis of intraoperative electroencephalogram.

Background: Machine-generated indices based on quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), such as the patient state index (PSI™) and burst-suppression ratio (BSR), are increasingly being used to monitor intraoperative depth of anaesthesia in the endeavour to improve postoperative neurological outcomes, such as postoperative delirium (POD). However, the accuracy of the BSR compared with direct visualization of the EEG trace with regard to the prediction of POD has not been evaluated previously.

Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-intracranial surgery with general anaesthesia wore a SedLine ® monitor during surgery and were assessed after surgery for the presence of delirium with the Confusion Assessment Method.

Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression.

Many human diseases lead to a loss of skeletal muscle metabolic function and mass. Local and environmental temperature can modulate the exercise-stimulated response of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle function in a human model. However, the impact of environmental temperature, independent of exercise, has not been addressed in a human model.

World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) 2016 standards for recording and scoring leg movements in polysomnograms developed by a joint task force from the International and the European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Groups (IRLSSG and EURLSSG).

This report presents the results of the work by a joint task force of the International and European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Groups and World Association of Sleep Medicine that revised and updated the current standards for recording and scoring leg movements (LM) in polysomnographic recordings (PSG). First, the background of the decisions made and the explanations of the new rules are reported and then specific standard rules are presented for recording, detecting, scoring and reporting LM activity in PSG. Each standard rule has been classified with a level of evidence.