[Selected cases of eyelid and orbit abnormalities and possibilities for correction].

The article presents abnormalities of the eyelids, the orbita and the periorbital areas. One part of these conditions disrupts vision, the main function of the eye. The other reasons why they require correction are the aesthetic value of this distinctly visible area of the body and the necessity of improvement.

[Applications of the botulinum A toxin].

The botulinum A toxin inhibits the release of acethylcoline from the vesicles of presynaptic neuronal end plates. Its effect is a transient pharmacological neurectomy. The toxin is used more and more widespreadingly.

Reconstruction of the constricted orbital cavity in patients with artificial anophthalmy.

In cases, in which not only the globe of the eye, but the whole conjunctival sack is missing and the eyelids are due to scarring attached either to the orbital tissues and/or to each other, it is not possible to insert a prosthesis. This is a major aesthetic defect. The cavity that allows artificial eye insertion can be formed by surgery.

New indications for and technics in vitreoretinal surgery.

Vitreoretinal surgery has become a widely used ophthalmic surgical procedure since the late sixties. However, it remained an intensively developing field of surgical interventions, and indications still become wider and wider. The procedure starts with the removal of vitreous body, blood or inflammatory material from the vitreous cavity.

Treatment of vulvar craurosis and leucoplakia by split skin grafting.

In the treatment of a 72-year-old patient with vulvar craurosis and leucoplakia which had been proven resistant to earlier surgical and medical treatment attempts--the authors employed a split-skin graft from the forearm. The methods of the successful treatment with regard to the skin and its grafting, as well as the post-operative case, are described.

[Proteolytic enzyme activity and surgical interventions in Mooren ulcer].

The authors report on two cases of Mooren's ulcer. Tear immunoglobulin levels and proteolytic enzyme activity were determined in the different stages of the disease. The latter proved to be more reliable in the assessment of the progress and prognosis of Mooren's ulcer.

[Hyalokeratopathy of the corneal graft caused by spontaneous herniation of the vitreous (author's transl)].

Corneovitreal attachment represents a major risk to the corneal graft in aphakic eyes. A frequent event after cataract extraction is the hernia-like prolapse of the vitreous into the anterior chamber, sometimes up to the posterior surface of the cornea. Herniation of the vitreous can also occur when keratoplasty and cataract extraction are carried out simultaneously.