Broad humoral immunity generated in mice by a formulation composed of two antigens from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Due to the rapid development of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the real threat of new coronavirus zoonosis events, the development of a preventive vaccine with a broader scope of functionality is highly desirable. Previously, we reported the functionality of a nasal formulation containing the nucleocapsid protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 combined with the ODN-39M adjuvant. This combination induced cross-reactive immunity in mucosal and systemic compartments at the sarbecovirus level.

Cross-Reactive Profile Against Two Conserved Coronavirus Antigens in Sera from SARS-CoV-2 Hybrid and Vaccinated Immune Donors.

Since the beginning of the pandemic, the pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has been postulated as one possible cause of asymptomatic infections. Later, various works reported that pre-existing immune response against the two structural conserved antigens: S2 subunit and the nucleocapsid protein, were associated to some level of asymptomatic profile in infected individuals. To explore the Ab background against these two antigens, in the context of vaccine-elicited and hybrid (natural infection plus vaccination induced) immunity of SARS-CoV-2, in this work, we tested sera from inactivated vaccine-immunized donors and from vaccinated and subsequent natural infected donors upon the Omicron variant wave in Guangdong province, China.

Case Report: A Novel Intronic Mutation in Associated With Fatal Encephalomyopathy and Mitochondrial Disease in Infant.

Background: The gene is located on chromosome Xq26.1 and encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells. Mutations in this gene can cause variable clinical phenotypes, but genotype-phenotype correlations of -related disorder have not yet been fully determined because of the clinical scarcity.

[Preparation of pan-neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16].

Objective To prepare a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can simultaneously block enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) infections. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with 163-177 amino acids (SP55) of the C-terminal of EV71 virion particle 1 (VP1) protein, and the mAbs were prepared by hybridoma technology. Neutralization antigenic epitope SP55 of EV71 and the highly homologous CV-A16 VP1 protein C-terminal 163-177 amino acids (PEP55) were applied to detect the mAbs that cross-reacted with EV71 and CV-A16 at the same time, and an in vitro neutralization test was conducted to detect the neutralization effect of EV71 and CV-A16, and to analyze the biological characteristics of the mAb.

A 10-Day-Old Murine Model of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection for the Evaluation of Vaccines and Antiviral Drugs.

Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is recognized as a major enterovirus type that can cause severe hand, foot, and mouth disease and spread widely among children. Vaccines and antiviral drugs may be developed more effectively based on a stable and easy-to-operate CVA6 mouse infection model. In this study, a wild CVA6-W strain was sub-cultured in newborn mice of different ages (in days), for adaptation.

Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Senp2 contributes to CVB3 viral replication and inflammation.

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is characterized by cardiac inflammation and excessive inflammatory responses after viral infection. SENP2, a deSUMO-specific protease, has been reported to regulate antiviral innate immunity. This study aimed to investigate whether SENP2 affects CVB3-induced VMC.

A Novel Technique for Constructing Infectious Cloning of Type 3 Porcine Circovirus.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), which currently lacks effective preventive measures, has caused tremendous economic losses to the pig husbandry. Obtaining the strain of PCV3 is the key to preparing related vaccines and developing corresponding antiviral drugs. In this study, according to the linear sequence of PCV3 DNA published on GenBank, the sequence was rearranged with SnapGene gene-editing software, and after rearrangement, the dIII restriction endonuclease site was added to the end of the linear DNA, so that both ends have the same restriction endonuclease site.

A tetravalent vaccine comprising hexon-chimeric adenoviruses elicits balanced protective immunity against human adenovirus types 3, 7, 14 and 55.

Human adenovirus (Ad) species B contains several of the most important types associated with acute respiratory diseases, Ad3, -7, -14 and -55, which often lead to severe lower respiratory tract diseases and epidemic outbreaks. However, there is currently no Ad vaccine approved for general use. The major capsid protein, hexon, is the primary determinant recognized by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs).

Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Vector Packaged by a Rare Serotype 14 Hexon.

Recombinant adenovirus serotype 3 (rAd3), which infects cells through the receptor desmoglein 2 (DSG2), has been investigated as a vector for gene therapy or vaccination. However, pre-existing anti-vector immunity may limit the practical application of rAd3. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers to Ad3 and alternate serotypes in normal healthy adults in southern China.

Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to common respiratory viruses in intravenous immunoglobulin and in healthy donors in southern China.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of death among children under the age of 5. However, there are no effective drugs for most of these severe viral infections. Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (H-IVIG) is a potential therapeutic option for serious viral infections.

Neutralizing epitopes mapping of human adenovirus type 14 hexon.

Human adenoviruses 14 (HAdV-14) caused several clusters of acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks in both civilian and military settings. The identification of the neutralizing epitopes of HAdV-14 is important for the surveillance and control of infection. Since the previous studies had indicated that the adenoviruses neutralizing epitopes were likely to be exposed on the surface of the hexon, four epitope peptides, A14R1 (residues 141-157), A14R2 (residues 181-189), A14R4 (residues 252-260) and A14R7 (residues 430-442) were predicted and mapped onto the 3D structures of hexon by homology modeling approach.

Identification and Application of Neutralizing Epitopes of Human Adenovirus Type 55 Hexon Protein.

Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) is a newly identified re-emergent acute respiratory disease (ARD) pathogen with a proposed recombination of hexon gene between HAdV11 and HAdV14 strains. The identification of the neutralizing epitopes is important for the surveillance and vaccine development against HAdV55 infection. In this study, four type-specific epitope peptides of HAdV55 hexon protein, A55R1 (residues 138 to 152), A55R2 (residues 179 to 187), A55R4 (residues 247 to 259) and A55R7 (residues 429 to 443), were predicted by multiple sequence alignment and homology modeling methods, and then confirmed with synthetic peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization tests (NT).

Mapping the epitope of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human adenovirus type 3.

Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) has produced a global epidemic in recent years causing serious diseases such as pneumonia in both pediatric and adult patients. Development of an effective neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) and identification of its neutralizing epitope is important for the control of HAdV-3 infection. In this study, three neutralizing MAbs were generated, of which MAb 3D7 had a high neutralization titer of 4096 (approximately 0.