Feed wafers from fermented sugarcane tops and with added tapioca starch: Effects on physical quality and parameters for ruminant feed.

Background: Alternative feeds for ruminants that can be explored are sugarcane tops as a source of crude fiber and tithonia as a source of protein. Long droughts and direct use of these components may not meet nutritional standards. Processing technologies such as wafer production, using tapioca starch as an adhesive, can improve feed durability, storage, and nutritional consistency.

Nutrition profile and rumen fermentation of fermented with at different times and doses.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and rumen fermentation attributes of the tithonia plant () treated with bacteria at different fermentation durations and doses.

Materials And Methods: In this research, an experimental approach employed a factorial pattern with two factors as treatments with three replications using a complete randomized design. The primary factor was the dose of inoculum, with concentrations at 2% and 3%.