Association of rs8670 Polymorphism in the MSX1 Gene With Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate in Malay Population.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between variants present in the MSX1 gene and the risk of developing non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) among individuals of Malay ethnicity in Malaysia.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study involved 89 patients with NSCL±P and 100 healthy control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on both exon 1 and exon 2 of the MSX1 gene using four pairs of primers.

Using 21st-Century Technologies to Determine the Cognitive Capabilities of a 11,000-Year-Old Perak Man Who Had Brachymesophalangia Type A2.

Perak Man, named after the state where the skeleton was found, was the most complete skeleton found in Southeast Asia. The funerary artefacts indicate that Perak Man was highly respected, as he was buried at the centre of the highest cave in Lenggong, and he was the only person buried there. A copy of the original skull was made using computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing.

Designing 3D prosthetic templates for maxillofacial defect rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of different virtual workflows.

Objective: To design and compare the outcome of commercial (CS) and open source (OS) software-based 3D prosthetic templates for rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects using a low powered personal computer setup.

Method: Medical image data for five types of defects were selected, segmented, converted and decimated to 3D polygon models on a personal computer. The models were transferred to a computer aided design (CAD) software which aided in designing the prosthesis according to the virtual models.

Ultraviolet A and Ultraviolet C Light-Induced Reduction of Surface Hydrocarbons on Titanium Implants.

Objective: The carbon, titanium, and oxygen levels on titanium implant surfaces with or without ultraviolet (UV) pretreatment were evaluated at different wavelengths through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Materials And Methods: This interventional experimental study was conducted on nine Dio UFII implants with hybrid sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface treatments, divided equally into three groups. Control group A samples were not given UV irradiation, while groups B and C samples were given UVA (382 nm, 25 mWcm) and UVC (260 nm, 15 mWcm) irradiation, respectively.

Enhancement of thermal, mechanical and physical properties of polyamide 12 composites via hybridization of ceramics for bone replacement.

This study reports the influence of ZrO/β-TCP hybridization on the thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of polyamide 12 composites to be suited for bone replacement. Amount of 15 wt% of nano-ZrO along with 5,10,15,20 and 25 wt% of micro-β-TCP was compounded with polyamide 12 via a twin-screw extruder. The hybrid ZrO2/β-TCP filled polyamide 12 exhibited higher thermal, mechanical and physical properties in comparison to unfilled polyamide 12 at certain filler loading; which is attributed to the homogenous dispersion of ZrO/β-TCP fillers particle in polyamide 12 matrix.

Shape-based interpolation method in measuring intracranial volume for pre- and post-operative decompressive craniectomy using open source software.

Introduction: Intracranial volume (ICV) is an important tool in the management of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) surgery. The aim of this study was to validate ICV measurement applying the shape-based interpolation (SBI) method using open source software on computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: The pre- and post-operative CT images of 55 patients undergoing DC surgery were analyzed.

Comparison of automatic airway analysis function of Invivo5 and Romexis software.

Background: Visualization and calculation of the airway dimensions are important because an increase of airway resistance may lead to life-threatening emergencies. The visualization and calculation of the airway are possible using radiography technique with their advance software. The aim of this study was to compare and to test the reliability of the measurement of the upper airway volume and minimum area using airway analysis function in two software.

Density estimation based on the Hounsfield unit value of cone beam computed tomography imaging of the jawbone system.

The aim of this study is to investigate the estimation of density from the Hounsfield unit of cone beam computed tomography data in dental imaging, especially for dental implant application. A jaw phantom with various known densities of anatomical parts (e.g.

Mechanical and cytotoxicity properties of hybrid ceramics filled polyamide 12 filament feedstock for craniofacial bone reconstruction via fused deposition modelling.

Objective: To compare the mechanical and biological properties of newly developed hybrid ceramics filled and unfilled polyamide 12 (PA 12) for craniofacial reconstruction via a fused deposition modelling (FDM) framework.

Methods: 15wt% of zirconia (ZrO) as well as 30, 35, and 40wt% of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were compounded with PA 12, followed by the fabrication of filament feedstocks using a single screw extruder. The fabricated filament feedstocks were used to print the impact specimens.

A functional pipeline framework for landmark identification on 3D surface extracted from volumetric data.

Landmarks, also known as feature points, are one of the important geometry primitives that describe the predominant characteristics of a surface. In this study we proposed a self-contained framework to generate landmarks on surfaces extracted from volumetric data. The framework is designed to be a three-fold pipeline structure.

Orbital Morphometry: A Computed Tomography Analysis.

Introduction: The human orbit is a complex anatomic region, which plays predominant role in the evaluation of craniofacial complex. A thorough understanding of the relationship of the distance from orbital rim to the important vital structures of the orbital apex is required for the surgeon to perform safe and effective surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the depth and distances from various points of the orbital rim to the fissures and foramina of the orbital apex between genders in the local population.

Addition of zygomatic arch resection in decompressive craniectomy.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical option in managing uncontrolled raised intracranial pressure refractory to medical therapy. The authors evaluate the addition of zygomatic arch (ZA) resection with standard DC and analyze the resulting increase in brain volume using three-dimensional volumetric CT scans. Measurements of brain expansion dimension morphometrics from CT images were also analyzed.

Dento-facial relationships in individuals with normal occlusion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of selected facial measurements with mesio-distal crown widths and dental arch dimensions in individuals with normal occlusions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 subjects with Angle's Class I normal occlusions. Three-dimensional images of the face and dental casts were captured and analyzed using stereophotogrammetric systems.

Validity and reliability of tooth size and dental arch measurements: a stereo photogrammetric study.

Background: The development of three-dimensional computer imaging has many applications in dentistry, including the analysis of dental casts.

Aims: To assess the validity and reliability of a dental stereophotogrammetric imaging system.

Methods: The sample consisted of 35 sets of dental costs.

Stereophotogrammetric analysis of nasolabial morphology among Asian Malays: influence of age and sex.

Objective: It is clear that population-specific norms should be used when planning plastic and reconstructive surgery for selected patients. In this study, we aimed to generate nasal and labial reference values by applying a stereophotogrammetric technique. A further aim was to investigate the effect of sexual dimorphism, age-related changes, and the interrelation between nasal and labial morphology.

The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.

Methods: CT scans were obtained from 29 patients of Malay origin with cleft lip and palate aged between 0 and 12 months and 12 noncleft patients in the same age group, using a GE Lightspeed Plus Scanner housed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Measurements were obtained using the 'Persona' three-dimensional software package, developed at Australian Craniofacial Unit, Adelaide.

A three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of craniofacial asymmetry in malaysian infants with cleft lip and palate.

Background: The application of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) to analyse craniofacial morphology in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) enables detailed assessments to be made of asymmetry in the region of the cleft and in regions distant from the cleft. The aim of this study was to compare craniofacial morphology in a sample of Malaysian infants with unoperated CLP with a control sample of unaffected Malaysian infants.

Methods: The study sample comprised 29 individuals: 10 with unilateral CLP (UCLP), 5 with bilateral CLP (BCLP), 7 with cleft lip and primary palate (CLPP), and 7 with isolated cleft palate (ICP).

Variations in tooth size and arch dimensions in Malay schoolchildren.

Aims: To compare the mesio-distal tooth sizes and dental arch dimensions in Malay boys and girls with Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.

Methods: The dental casts of 150 subjects (78 boys, 72 girls), between 12 and 16 years of age, with Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions were used. Each group consisted of 50 subjects.

Coordinate systems integration for development of malaysian craniofacial database.

This study presents a data registration method for craniofacial spatial data of different modalities. The data consists of three dimensional (3D) vector and raster data models. The data is stored in object relational database.

Facial soft tissue features assessed with finite element analysis.

Facial soft tissues are a major determinant of treatment choice. When Class I and Class II malocclusions were compared using finite-element analysis, morphologic differences were localized and quantified. This study highlights the importance of determining the timing, magnitude and direction offacial growth prior to treatment to achieve stable results.

Dental arch shape and size in Malay schoolchildren with Class II malocclusion.

Aim: To quantify and localise differences in Class I and Class II dental arches in Malay schoolchildren.

Methods: The subjects were 50 Malay schoolchildren (Mean age: 15 + 0.7 years) with either Class I (N = 25) or Class II (N = 25) malocclusions.

Genetics of cleft lip and palate : a review.

Orofacial clefts, particularly non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) are the most common craniofacial deformities, affecting one in every 700 to 1000 newborns worldwide. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the etiology of CL/P so as to predict its occurrence and to prevent it from occurring in the future. In the recent years, advances in genetics and molecular biology have begun to reveal the basis of craniofacial development.

The hyoid bone in malay infants with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To compare morphological and positional variations of the hyoid bone in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) with those in noncleft infants.

Design: Retrospective, cross sectional.

Patients And Methods: Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained from 29 unoperated CL/P infants of Malay origin aged between 0 and 12 months and from 12 noncleft infants in the same age range.

A three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of the cervical spine in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To investigate anatomical variations and abnormalities of cervical spine morphology in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional investigation of infants born with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate using computed tomography scans acquired for investigation of a spectrum of clinical conditions.

Setting: Computed tomography scan data were obtained from 29 unoperated cleft lip and palate infants and 12 noncleft infants of Malay origin, ages 0 to 12 months.