Immunomodulatory Activity of Aqueous Gall Extract.

Objectives: Our study reports the immunomodulatory potency of gall extract . The aqueous extract was prepared and examined for its effects on cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytokine synthesis by murine macrophages.

Methods: Proliferative, phagocytic activity, and NO production of extract-treated and control cells were studied using proliferative assay, flow cytometry, and Griess reaction, respectively.

A Scoping Review of the Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Malaysia and Risk Factors for Infection.

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ruminant and human fascioliasis in Malaysia and to identify research gaps in knowledge of the prevalence of fascioliasis in Malaysia and risk factors for the disease using available evidence-based data. We conducted a scoping review based on the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to guide the review process.