AuNRs attached TiO NPs modified by cobalt-imidazolate frameworks as exceptional materials to improve the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.

This work reports a significant improvement in both the open-circuit voltage () and current density () of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using gold nanorod-modified TiO nanoparticles (TiO/AuNRs) together with a cobalt-imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) as an efficient photoanode. It was demonstrated that adding ZIF-67 (8 wt%) to TiO NPs increased the by 160 mV and by 2.5 times.