Insufficient and excessive Ca intake negatively impact the life history performance and disrupt the hemolymph metabolism of Spodoptera litura.

Calcium ions (Ca), essential as second messengers in all cells, play a pivotal role as micronutrients in insects. However, few studies have explored the effects of both insufficient and excessive Ca intake on life history performance and population parameters. This study examines the impact of varying Ca intake levels-insufficient (0 mg/kg), appropriate (100 mg/kg), and excessive (250 mg/kg)-on the life history performance and population parameters of Spodoptera litura using two-sex life tables.

Adult Feeding Experience Determines the Fecundity and Preference of the (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Both larvae and adults of the feed on leaves of potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants. Given the variation in planting times of host plants in the Jianghan Plain, host switching between larvae and adults of is inevitable to ensure continuous food availability. We evaluated the effect of consistent versus diverse larval and adult host plant feeding experience on growth performance, fecundity, longevity, and feeding preferences of through match-mismatch experiments.

Evaluating the Effects of Cu2+ on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table.

Copper (Cu2+) is a micronutrient that promotes the development and reproduction of organisms. However, with the rapid expansion of modern industry and agriculture, Cu2+ concentrations are increasing, which might have negative impacts on biological and ecological safety. Spodoptera litura is not only an intermittent outbreak pest but also can be used as a model organism to assess environmental and ecological risks.

Effects of Pre-Diapause Temperature and Body Weight on the Diapause Intensity of the Overwintering Generation of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is an economically important pest of citrus. The fly has an obligatory pupal diapause in soil from November to March. However, techniques for predicting or determining the emergence of the adult have, thus far, not been well documented.

Effect of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrates on Survival and Growth in Larvae of the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

The ratio of protein and carbohydrate in an insect's nutritional regime can significantly influence its survival, growth, and fecundity. The effects of 11 different artificial diets containing protein (p): carbohydrate (c) ratios were determined in larvae of the phytophagus ladybug, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Demographic Comparison of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Reared on Three Cultivars of Solanum melongena L. and a Wild Hostplant Solanum nigrum L.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) is a widespread pest found on many solanaceous vegetables. The development and fecundity of H.

[Clinical observation of dysphagia after cerebral infarction treated with awn-like needle at Tiantu(CV 22)].

Objective: To observe the effect difference between awn-like needle at Tiantu(CV 22) and filiform needle for dysphagia after cerebral infarction.

Methods: One hundred patients were randomly assigned into an awn-like needle group and a filiform needle group,50 cases in each one. Based on the conventional western medicine for all the patients,awn-like needle was applied at Tiantu(CV 22) in the awn-like needle group;while acupuncture was used at Fengchi(GB 20),Shanglianquan(Extra),Shuigou(GV 26) and Tongli(HT 5) in the filiform needle group,combined with pricking at Jinjin(EX-HN 12), Yuye(EX-HN 13),posterior pharyngeal wall with three-edged needle method.

[Observation on Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture Combined with Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Dysphagia in Patients with Cerebral 1nfarction].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with neck-skin electrical stimulation (NSES) on dysphagia in patients with cerebral infarction (CI).

Methods: A total of 120 CI patients with dysphagia were randomly divided into acupuncture group, NSES group and acupuncture + NSES group (combined treatment group, n = 40 in each group). Acupuncture stimulation of Fengchi (GB20), Yifeng (TE 17), etc.

[Systematic evaluation of acupuncture for treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture on post-stroke spastic paralysis.

Methods: A systematic evaluation including all the relavant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of post-stroke spastic paralysis were carried out according to the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

Results: Nine hundred and seventy-eight patients being included in fourteen papers met the enrolled criteria.