Leptospirosis among patients presenting with dengue-like illness in Puerto Rico.

Leptospirosis is difficult to distinguish from dengue fever without laboratory confirmation. Sporadic cases/clusters of leptospirosis occur in Puerto Rico, but surveillance is passive and laboratory confirmation is rare. We tested for leptospirosis using an IgM ELISA on sera testing negative for dengue virus IgM antibody and conducted a case-control study assessing risk factors for leptospirosis, comparing clinical/laboratory findings between leptospirosis (case-patients) and dengue patients (controls).

Intestinal transit of fat depends on accelerating effect of cholecystokinin and slowing effect of an opioid pathway.

Fat has been described to both accelerate and slow intestinal transit. We hypothesized that the fat-induced jejunal brake depends on the combined accelerating effect of CCK and the slowing effect of an opioid pathway. Using a multifistulated model, intestinal transit was measured in four dogs, while 60 mM oleate was delivered into the proximal gut with either 0 or 6 mg naloxone, and 0.

Middle latency auditory evoked potentials to tones of different frequency.

The scalp distributions of middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MAEPs) elicited by tone bursts of 250 and 4000 Hz were compared in two experiments. Na (19.9 ms), Pa (29.

Frequency-related differences in the speed of human auditory processing.

Three experiments were performed, two comparing the peak latencies of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by 250 Hz and 4000 Hz tone pips and a third comparing simple reaction times (RTs) to the same stimuli. In the AEP experiments, the latencies of brainstem, middle and long-latency components were delayed following 250 Hz tone pips in comparison with the latencies of the same components evoked by loudness-matched 4000 Hz tones. Frequency-related latency differences increased with component latency, ranging from less than 1.