Lithium-Associated Hyperparathyroidism: A Pooled Analysis.

Background: Lithium treatment has been associated with hyperparathyroidism (HPT). However, there are conflicting data regarding the rate of single- (SGD) versus multiple-gland disease (MGD) as well as the optimum surgical approach in these cases.

Methods: Published data were identified through systematic electronic literature searches.

Retained foreign bodies: risk and outcomes at the national level.

Background: Retained foreign bodies (RFB) after operative interventions are linked to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and represent a medico-legal liability. We aimed to identify associated risk factors and outcomes related to iatrogenic RFB in the United States.

Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on all interventions that resulted in a secondary diagnosis of RFB in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2003 to 2009.

The impact of thyroid nodule size on the risk of malignancy in follicular neoplasms.

Background/aim: Studies have shown that the risk of malignancy in follicular neoplasms is as high as 30%. Often, surgery is recommended for such lesions, not for therapeutic purposes but as a diagnostic method, leading to increased hospital costs and related morbidities. Recent studies have suggested that tumor size predicts malignant potential of these follicular neoplasms.