Unraveling the Impact of Travel on Circadian Rhythm and Crafting Optimal Management Approaches: A Systematic Review.

Circadian rhythms, which regulate essential physiological and behavioral processes, are crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. However, disruptions to these rhythms, particularly due to trans-meridian travel and shift work, can lead to significant health issues, including jet lag, metabolic imbalances, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this systematic review, conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we explore the effectiveness of various interventions aimed at realigning circadian rhythms disrupted by such factors.

Effectiveness and Safety of Cholecystectomy Versus Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Acute Cholecystitis in Older and High-Risk Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review.

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a prevalent surgical emergency, particularly among elderly individuals who present with high perioperative risks. While early cholecystectomy (CCY) is the standard treatment, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is proposed as an alternative for high-risk patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the comparative safety and efficacy of CCY versus PC in managing AC among elderly and high-risk surgical patients.

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Migraine: A Literature Review of the Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potential.

This literature review explores the association between iron deficiency anemia and migraines, examining their prevalence, underlying pathophysiology, and therapeutic potential of iron supplementation in managing migraine symptoms. A systematic search across major academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Science.gov, identified relevant peer-reviewed studies that focus on the link between iron deficiency anemia and migraines.

Generation and enrichment of cerebellar GABAergic interneurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells and intracellular calcium measurements.

GABAergic interneurons are inhibitory neurons of the CNS, playing a fundamental role in neural circuitry and activity. Here, we provide a robust protocol for the successful enrichment of human cerebellar GABAergic interneurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and measuring intracellular calcium transients. We describe in detail steps for culturing iPSCs; generating embryoid bodies; and differentiating and enriching for cerebellar GABAergic neurons (cGNs), with precise steps for their molecular characterization.

Early molecular layer interneuron hyperactivity triggers Purkinje neuron degeneration in SCA1.

Toxic proteinaceous deposits and alterations in excitability and activity levels characterize vulnerable neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases. Using in vivo two-photon imaging in behaving spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (Sca1) mice, wherein Purkinje neurons (PNs) degenerate, we identify an inhibitory circuit element (molecular layer interneurons [MLINs]) that becomes prematurely hyperexcitable, compromising sensorimotor signals in the cerebellum at early stages. Mutant MLINs express abnormally elevated parvalbumin, harbor high excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic density, and display more numerous synaptic connections on PNs, indicating an excitation/inhibition imbalance.