Antiviral response within different cell types of the CNS.

The central nervous system (CNS) is a constitutive structure of various cell types conserved by anatomical barriers. Many of the major CNS cell-type populations distributed across the different brain regions are targets for several neurotropic viruses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that viral susceptibility within the CNS is not absolute and initiates a cell-type specific antiviral defence response.

Effects of sitagliptin and vitamin D3 on T helper cell transcription factors and cytokine production in clinical subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus: highlights upregulation of FOXP3 and IL-37.

Gene expression level of T helper cell transcription factors and cytokines production in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with mono- or combined sitagliptin and vitamin D3 (VitD3) were evaluated. Fifty-four nephropathic and 57 non-nephropathic T2DM patients were divided into the subgroups based on their treatment with/without sitagliptin and VitD3. The expression of T-bet, RORγt, BCL6, and FOXP3 was evaluated using real-time PCR.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Combined Sitagliptin and Vitamin D3 on Cytokines Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Studies indicated that imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that sitagliptin and VitD3 may exert more anti-inflammatory effects on the regulation of cytokine balance in T2DM. Nonnephropathic and nephropathic T2DM patients were divided into the subgroups, based on treatments.