n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylaphelenchinae) associated with bark of a beech tree ( Lipsky) from northern Iran.

n. sp., the sixth species of the newly established genus was isolated during a nematode survey associated with bark samples of beech tree in northern Iran, which differs from the other species by body size, stylet length, metacorpus structure, and tail characters of both genders.

Characterisation of a new species of Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) from Iran based on morphological and molecular data.

Trichodorus zanjanensis n. sp., collected from the rhizosphere of wild almond tree (Amygdalus scoparia Spach) in Zanjan Province, Iran, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular data.

Cereal Cyst Nematodes: A Complex and Destructive Group of Heterodera Species.

Small grain cereals have served as the basis for staple foods, beverages, and animal feed for thousands of years. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice, and others are rich in calories, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. These cereals supply 20% of the calories consumed by people worldwide and are therefore a primary source of energy for humans and play a vital role in global food and nutrition security.

First Report of Korean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera koreana, Parasitic on Bamboo, Phyllostachys nigra, from Iran.

Bamboo is grown sporadically in the north of Iran and is confined to very limited areas. The history of growing bamboo was to some extent simultaneous with the entrance, commencement, and growth of the tea industry in the north about a century ago. The bamboo was used for making baskets to transfer the harvested tea foliage from farm to the factory and other linked functions.

Description of Trischistoma abharensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Trischistomatidae) and first record of Tripylella intermedia (Bütschli, 1873) Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipinska, 1993 (Nematoda: Tripylidae) from Iran.

Two populations of the genera Trischistoma and Tripylella were recovered from the rhizosphere of grapevines and mosses growing on alder trees in Zanjan and Guilan provinces, respectively, Iran. The nematodes were identified as Trischistoma abharensis n. sp.

First Report of Northern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, Parasitic on Oaks, Quercus brantii and Q. infectoria in Iran.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are the most serious plant parasitic nematodes having a broad host range exceeding 2,000 plant species. Quercus brantii Lindl. and Q.

Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a new species from northern Iran.

Laimaphalenchus hyrcanus n. sp., from bark samples of cypress (Cupressus sp.