How does attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affect children's road-crossing? A case-control study.

Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have particularly high pedestrian injury risk given their deficits in attention, inhibition, and concentration. The aims of this study were a) to assess differences in pedestrian skill between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and b) to examine relations between pedestrian skill and attention, inhibition, and executive function among children with ADHD as well as among typically-developing children. A sample of 50 children with mean age of 9 years participated, 56% of them diagnosed with ADHD.

Road-Crossing Behavior in Complex Traffic Situations: A Comparison of Children With and Without ADHD.

All children are vulnerable to pedestrian injuries, but previous research suggests children diagnosed with ADHD may have elevated risk. Child pedestrian injury risk also increases with increasing traffic volume and speed. The current study examined three hypotheses: (a) Pedestrian behavior of children with ADHD is riskier than that of typically-developing children; (b) Children's pedestrian behavior is riskier with increased traffic complexity; and (c) Pedestrian behavior of children with ADHD is influenced more by complex traffic situations than behavior of typically-developing children.

Differential effects of stimulant versus opiate drugs on driving performance.

Background And Aims: Pharmacological differences among different drug classes influence human cognition, visual, and motor behavior in different ways. These differences impact driving safety, and therefore individuals who use stimulant and opioid drugs might experience different patterns in driving safety and impairment in driving performance. This study examined the effect of long-term use of stimulant drugs and of opiate drugs on driving performance, hazard perception, visual search skills and psychomotor skills related to driving.

Children's Road-Crossing Behavior: Emotional Decision Making and Emotion-Based Temperamental Fear and Anger.

Objective: Child pedestrian injuries represent a global public health burden. To date, most research on psychosocial factors affecting children's risk of pedestrian injury focused on cognitive aspects of children's functioning in traffic. Recent evidence suggests, however, that emotional aspects such as temperament-based fear and anger/frustration, as well as executive function-based emotional decision making, may also affect children's safety in traffic.

Feasibility of using a computer-assisted working memory training program for healthy older women.

Interventions for age-associated cognitive impairment are of increasing significance as populations age. Using N-back and memory strategy enhancement, the present study aimed to explore the feasibility of using, and outcomes of a working memory (WM) training program on visuospatial and verbal WM in older female adults. Older women from two comparable local health centers who scored 26 and higher on Mini-Mental State Examination were invited to participate.

Aberrant Driving Behaviour, Risk Involvement, and Their Related Factors Among Taxi Drivers.

The current study aims to investigate the aberrant driving behaviour and risk involvement of Iranian taxi drivers. The sample comprised 405 Iranian taxi drivers, who were recruited with a cross-sectional design, using a self-completion questionnaire survey during October and November 2016. We contribute to the literature by understanding how and to what extent the socioeconomic, demographic, driving, and aberrant driving behaviours influence risk involvement (accident involvement and traffic tickets).

Aggression, emotional self-regulation, attentional bias, and cognitive inhibition predict risky driving behavior.

The present study explored whether aggression, emotional regulation, cognitive inhibition, and attentional bias towards emotional stimuli were related to risky driving behavior (driving errors, and driving violations). A total of 117 applicants for taxi driver positions (89% male, M age=36.59years, SD=9.

The influence of demographic factors, processing speed and short-term memory on Iranian children's pedestrian skills.

Objectives: Young children, children from lower socioeconomic status and boys have the highest risk of pedestrian injury. This study examined the relationship between cognition and specific pedestrian skills of these groups of children in Iran.

Methods: 180 Iranian children aged 7 and 11 years from lower- and higher-socioeconomic status backgrounds participated in the study.