Advancements in Cardiac Catheterization Safety: Novel Radiation Protection Approaches Redefining Occupational Health.

Radiation exposure poses a substantial occupational risk for healthcare professionals in the catheterization laboratory (cath lab). The escalating complexity and frequency of interventional procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions, underscore the need for innovative strategies to mitigate radiation exposure. While traditional measures like lead aprons, thyroid collars, and goggles have been pivotal in reducing radiation exposure, they have limitations, especially during prolonged and intricate procedures.

Exploring the impact of recent COVID-19 infection on perfusion and functional parameters derived from gated myocardial perfusion imaging in patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease.

Objective: This study seeks to evaluate how recent COVID-19 infection affects myocardial perfusion and functional parameters derived from gated myocardial perfusion imaging in patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease. The goal is to enhance our understanding of COVID-19's influence on the cardiovascular system.

Method: Conducted at Farshchian Heart Hospital from 2022 to 2023, this case-control study enrolled patients suspected of coronary artery disease, stratified into two groups: those with confirmed COVID-19 infection within the past 6 months (study group) and those without prior COVID-19 infection (control group).

An In-depth Analysis of the Adverse Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Cardiac Catheterization Staffs.

Diagnostic and interventional angiograms are instrumental in the multidisciplinary approach to CAD management, enabling accurate diagnosis and effective targeted treatments that significantly enhance patient care and cardiovascular outcomes. However, cath lab staff, including interventional cardiologists, is consistently exposed to ionizing radiation, which poses inherent health risks. Radiation exposure in the cath lab primarily results from the use of fluoroscopy and cineangiography during diagnostic and interventional procedures.

Nanotechnology Utilizing Ferroptosis Inducers in Cancer Treatment.

Current cancer treatment options have presented numerous challenges in terms of reaching high efficacy. As a result, an immediate step must be taken to create novel therapies that can achieve more than satisfying outcomes in the fight against tumors. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is reliant on iron and reactive oxygen species, has garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy.

Investigating the Influence of Gut Microbiota-related Metabolites in Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major health concern due to its prevalence, impact on well-being, high mortality rate, economic burden, and potential for prevention and early detection. GI cancer research has made remarkable strides in understanding biology, risk factors, and treatment options. An emerging area of research is the gut microbiome's role in GI cancer development and treatment response.

Radioprotective Potency of Nanoceria.

Cancer presents a significant medical challenge that requires effective management. Current cancer treatment options, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have limitations in terms of their efficacy and the potential harm they can cause to normal tissues. In response, researchers have been focusing on developing adjuvants that can enhance tumor responses while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Ferroptosis Inducers as Promising Radiosensitizer Agents in Cancer Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) failure has historically been mostly attributed to radioresistance. Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death that depends on iron and is caused by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidative damage. Utilizing a ferroptosis inducer may be a successful tactic for preventing tumor growth and radiotherapy-induced cell death.

Promising Radiopharmaceutical Tracers for Detection of Cardiotoxicity in Cardio-oncology.

Cancer treatment has the potential to cause cardiovascular issues and can encourage the appearance of all aspects of cardiac disease, including coronary heart disease, myocardial disease, heart failure, structural heart disease, and rhythm problems. Imaging is required for both diagnostic workup and therapy monitoring for all possible cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapy. Echocardiography is the cardiac imaging gold standard in cardio-oncology.

A review of effects of atorvastatin in cancer therapy.

Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to manage. A sizeable number of researches are done each year to find better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. At the present time, a package of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is available to cope with cancer cells.

Ferroptosis Inhibitors as New Therapeutic Insights into Radiation-Induced Heart Disease.

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a significant cause of morbidity in breast and other mediastinal cancers. The many molecular and cellular patho-mechanisms that have a role in RIHD are not completely understood. Endothelial injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial damage, are considered the primary causes of RIHD.

Evaluation of the Effect of Chelating Arms and Carrier Agents on t he Radiotoxicity of TAT Agents.

Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is considered an evolving therapeutic option for cancer cells, in which a carrier molecule labeling with an α-emitter radionuclide make the bond with a specific functional or molecular target. α-particles with high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) own an increased Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) over common β-emitting radionuclides. Normal tissue toxicity due to non-specific uptake of mother and daughter α-emitter radionuclides seems to be the main conflict in clinical applications.

Etodolac Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Irradiated HT-29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Background: Radioresistance is found to be the main therapeutic restriction in colorectal radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of Etodolac (ET) and ionizing radiation on human colorectal cancer cells.

Methods: Pretreated HT-29 cells with ET were exposed to ionizing radiation.

Ferroptosis Inhibitors as Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Disease.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that occurs due to an increase in iron levels. Ferroptosis is implicated in a number of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), reperfusion damage, and heart failure (HF). As cardiomyocyte depletion is the leading cause of patient morbidity and mortality, it is critical to thoroughly comprehend the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis activation.

Effect of using different co-ligands during Tc-labeling of J18 peptide on SK-MES-1 cell binding and tumor targeting.

Objectives: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The goal of this study is to evaluate and tumor targeting behavior of [Tc]Tc -HYNIC-(Ser)-J18 in lung carcinoma (SK-MES-1)-bearing mice.

Materials And Methods: The J18 (RSLWSDFYASASRGP) peptide was conjugated with hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) via three serine amino acids as a linker at the peptide's N-terminal and then labeled with technetium-99m using tricine and tricine/EDDA as the co-ligands.

Recent Achievements about Targeted Alpha Therapy-Based Targeting Vectors and Chelating Agents.

One of the most rapidly growing options in the management of cancer therapy is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) through which lethal α-emitting radionuclides conjugated to tumor-targeting vectors selectively deliver high amount of radiation to cancer cells.Ac, Bi, At, Bi, and 223Ra have been investigated by plenty of clinical trials and preclinical researches for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micro-metastatic disease, and post-surgery residual disease. In order to send maximum radiation to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells, a high affinity of targeting vectors to cancer tissue is essential.

Current development of sigma-2 receptor radioligands as potential tumor imaging agents.

Sigma receptors are transmembrane proteins with two different subtypes: σ and σ. Because of its overexpression in tumors, the σ receptor (σR) is a well-known biomarker for cancer cells. A large number of small-molecule ligands for the σRs have been identified and tested for imaging the proliferative status of tumors using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Transient ischemic dilation or transient RV visualization in patients with normal SPECT stress myocardial perfusion imaging: Correlation with CT coronary artery calcium scoring and coronary angiography.

Background: Ancillary findings on MPI, such as transient ischemic dilation (TID) and transient right ventricular visualization (TRV), are recognized as markers of extensive CAD and predictive of adverse outcomes. They usually occur in association with stress-induced regional MPI abnormalities. However, the clinical significance of these ancillary markers in the presence of normal stress MPI is incompletely understood.

Potential utility of peptides against damage induced by ionizing radiation.

Radioprotection is the process whereby biological systems are aided against undesirable radiation hazards. Primitive radioprotectors suffered from either having crucial side effects or low efficacy in clinical applications. Therefore, the search for less toxic but more capable radioprotectants has continued for decades.

Applying Wells score to inconclusive perfusion only modified PIOPED II (Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II) readings in order to optimize the lung scintigraphy diagnostic yield in acute pulmonary embolism detection.

Objective: When using perfusion only modified PIOPED II criteria for PE detection, generated non-diagnostic scans are found to be the main diagnostic restriction. The objective of current study is to identify the role of Wells criteria added to inconclusive readings with the intent of enhancing the lung scintigraphy diagnostic yield.

Methods: CTPA was performed in 34 suspected PE patients with inconclusive lung scintigraphy.

Evaluation of Tc-HYNIC-(ser)-LTVPWY peptide for glioblastoma imaging.

Early and accurate imaging of glioblastoma is of great value in staging, metastatic detection, treatment management and prognosis. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression in cancer. The aim of this study was to develop HER2-targeted peptide for glioma tumor imaging.

The evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony in hypertensive patients with a preserved systolic function undergoing gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background: Hypertension as a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases can result in left ventricular dyssynchrony (LVD) leading to uncoordinated contraction. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether systolic mechanical dyssynchrony measured by phase analysis of gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging occurs in hypertensive patients with a low risk for coronary artery disease and a normal ejection fraction and its possible relationships with severity of hypertension and the influence of antihypertensive treatments.

Methods: A total of 466 patients (328 females and 138 males, with a mean age of 59.

Radioprotective effect of olanzapine as an anti-psychotic drug against genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation on human lymphocytes.

Olanzapine (OLA), is prescribed as an anti-psychotic medicine in schizophrenia patients. In this study, the protective effect of OLA against genotoxicity and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation in human healthy lymphocytes was evaluated. At first, the antioxidant activities of OLA were assayed by two different methods as free radical scavenging with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and ferric reducing power methods.

Radioprotective Effect of Gliclazide as an Anti-Hyperglycemic Agent Against Genotoxicity Induced by Ionizing Radiation on Human Lymphocytes.

Objectives: Gliclazide (GL) is widely used to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GL against chromosome damage induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes.

Methods: In this experimental study, peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and treated with GL at various concentrations (5, 25, 50 or 100 μM) for three hours.

Tricine co-ligand improved the efficacy of Tc-HYNIC-(Ser)-J18 peptide for targeting and imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer.

The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important for increasing survival rate and improving quality life of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate  Tc-(tricine)-HYNIC-(Ser)-J18 for targeting and imaging of NSCLC in A-549 xenografted nude mice. The (Ser)-J18 peptide was conjugated with HYNIC and labeled with  Tc using tricine as a co-ligand.