GSK3 and lamellipodin balance lamellipodial protrusions and focal adhesion maturation in mouse neural crest migration.

Neural crest cells are multipotent cells that delaminate from the neuroepithelium, migrating throughout the embryo. Aberrant migration causes developmental defects. Animal models are improving our understanding of neural crest anomalies, but in vivo migration behaviors are poorly understood.

Unravelling the Novel Effects of Three Volatile Compounds in Preventing Fibril Formation of Disease Related Tau and α-Synuclein Proteins- Towards Identifying Candidate Aromatic Substances for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The aggregation of tau and α-synuclein into fibrillary assemblies in nerve cells is the molecular hallmark of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively. In our previous studies, we investigated the anti-amyloidogenic effects of three different aroma-producing (volatile) compounds including cinnamaldehyde, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and TEMED on the fibrillation process of HEWL, as a model protein. Our previous results showed that while TEMED was able to completely stop the process of fibril formation, cinnamaldehyde and phenyl ethyl alcohol gave rise to oligomeric/protofibrillar forms and were involved in the entrapment of intermediate species of HEWL.

Perception of Smile Aesthetics of Patients with Anterior Malocclusions and Lips Influence: A Comparison of Dental Professionals', Dental Students,' and Laypersons' Opinions.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception of smile aesthetics in patients with varying degrees of anterior crowding and spacing among dental specialists, dentists, dental students, and laypersons and to assess the effect of the lips position.

Materials And Methods: Clinical photos of cases of anterior crowding (mild, moderate, and severe) and spacing (mild, moderate, and severe) with and without the associated lips were used. The images were evaluated by 250 persons including dental specialists, dentists, dental students, and laypersons using the rating scale method, (extremely unaesthetic to extremely aesthetic, 1 to 5, respectively).

Rethinking Assessment Concepts in Dental Education.

Introduction: Dental education involves teaching and assessing the acquisition of verifiable domains that require superior psychomotor, communication, and cognitive skills. Evolving technologies and methods of assessment could enhance student's learning environment and improve tutor assessment experience. The aim of this study was to review the current body of research and evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of assessments in improving learning and performance in preclinical and clinical dental practice.

The aroma of TEMED as an activation and stabilizing signal for the antibacterial enzyme HEWL.

The unpleasant smell released from dead bodies, may serve as an alarm for avoiding certain behaviour or as feeding or oviposition attractants for animals. However, little is known about their effect on the structure and function of proteins. Previously, we reported that using the aroma form of TEMED (a diamine), representative of the "smell of death", could completely inhibit the fibril formation of HEWL, as an antibacterial enzyme, and a model protein for fibrillation studies.

Depression, anxiety and associated factors among housemaids working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Background: Housemaids are part of women with low socioeconomic status and most of them are migrant from rural to central part of Ethiopia, less educated, either with poor, separated, single or divorced family and/or dead parents. Housemaid may experience problems like depression and anxiety more than other groups of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of those problems among housemaids.

Ultra-compact ultra-fast 1-bit comparator based on a two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal structure.

In this paper, a compact optical high-speed 1-bit comparator is proposed based on photonic crystals. In this structure, the nonlinear rods are used at the cross-connecting point of two optical waveguides. The optical transmission and reflection from these rods depend on the amount of the optical intensity.

Root Dimensions in Patients with Mild Hypodontia and a Control Group.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to compare root dimensions (length and mesiodistal widths) between subjects with mild hypodontia and an age- and sex-matched control group.

Materials And Methods:  Root dimension measurements of all permanent teeth excluding third molars were made on standardly taken orthopantomograms of 50 individuals (25 hypodontia and 25 controls) attending the University of Sharjah Dental Hospital. The length and two mesiodistal widths were measured for each fully formed root.

The role of Cinnamaldehyde and Phenyl ethyl alcohol as two types of precipitants affecting protein hydration levels.

Release of water is the main force which drives proteins towards crystallisation (giving rise to protein crystals for crystallography) and aggregation (main cause of neurodegenerative diseases), and as such it is possible to make changes in the crystallisation/aggregation process by using compounds which are able to reduce the amount of water molecules around proteins. Cinnamaldehyde and Phenyl ethyl alcohol are the active constituents of cinnamon and rose flower, respectively. Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) suggests the use of cinnamon and rose flower for the reduction of excess coldness and wetness from the brain of patients suffering from Dementia.

Cinnamaldehyde and Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol promote the entrapment of intermediate species of HEWL, as revealed by structural, kinetics and thermal stability studies.

Numerous efforts have been directed towards investigating the different stages leading to the fibrillation process in neurodegenerative diseases and finding the factors modulating it. In this study, using a wide range of molecular techniques as well as fibrillation kinetics coupled with differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and crystal structure determination of HEWL treated with cinnamaldehyde (Cin) and Phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) in their aroma form during fibrillation, we were able to identify the binding positions of Cin and PEA in HEWL. Additionally, crystal structures were used to suggest residues Thr43, Asn44, Arg45 and Arg68 as a plausible 'hotspot' promoting entrapment of intermediate species in the process of fibril formation in HEWL.

Voluntary exercise and estradiol reverse ovariectomy-induced spatial learning and memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats.

Ample evidences have demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions such as learning and memory. It is well established that female sex hormones have an important role in regulating learning and memory. This study was designed to investigate the effects of voluntary exercise and estrogen replacement on learning and memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels induced by ovariectomy.

Concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation, and their impacts on maxillary sinus volume among Emirati people: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of concha bullosa (CB) and nasal septal deviation (NSD) and their impact on maxillary sinus volume (MSV).

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 106 Emirati people were used in this study. The direction and angle of septal deviation were calculated.

Novel X-ray sequences and crystal structures of Persian and Starry sturgeon methemoglobins: Highlighting the role of heme pocket waters in causing autoxidation.

Although there is a high sequence similarity between mammalian and fish hemoglobin (Hb), the oxidation and heme loss rates can vary greatly between them such that fish Hbs oxidise much more rapidly than mammalian Hbs. There is to date no sequence or structural data for any sturgeon Hb to reveal the level of autoxidation in these fish. In this study, novel high resolution X-ray sequences and crystal structures of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) from two sturgeon fish including Persian sturgeon (Acipenser percisus) and Starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) belonging to the Caspian sea has been determined.

Molecular insights into the effect of ozone on human hemoglobin in autohemotherapy: Highlighting the importance of the presence of blood antioxidants during ozonation.

Ozone has been known for several decades, with its antiseptic and therapeutic effects determined by the hormesis theory. It is shown that the therapeutic efficacy of ozone therapy may be partly due to the controlled and moderate oxidative stress produced by the reaction of ozone with several biological components. In this study, the effect of ozone on healthy human hemoglobin (Hb) in the whole blood environment (in the presence of antioxidants) and in the purified form (in the absence of antioxidants) is investigated using a number of different techniques including intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy as well as SDS- and Native-PAGE and dynamic light scattering.

Unraveling the novel effects of aroma from small molecules in preventing hen egg white lysozyme amyloid fibril formation.

This study investigated for the first time the molecular effectiveness of 'aroma' from three small molecules including a phenol (phenyl ethyl alcohol; PEA) and an aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde; Cin) both containing an aromatic ring, and a diamine (N,N,N,N'- Tetramethylethylenediamine; TEMED) at two different amounts (small; S and large; L) in preventing hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid fibril formation using Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, circular dichroism spectroscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and HEWL activity test. Interestingly, the results revealed that (1) the aroma of PEA, identified as an active constituent of Rosa damascena, prevented fibril formation since PEA-L was able to trap the oligomeric form of HEWL in contrast to PEA-S where protofibrils but not mature fibrils were formed; (2) Cin, previously shown to prevent fibril formation in the liquid form, was also shown to do so in the aroma form by producing protofibrils and not mature fibrils in both Cin- L and Cin-S aroma forms and (3) the aroma of TEMED-L was able to retain HEWL's native structure completely and prevented both aggregation and fibril formation, while TEMED-S prevented HEWL fibril formation and instead directed the pathway towards amorphous aggregate formation. Furthermore, the ability to trap oligomeric species (by PEA-L aroma) is of great importance for further research as it provides routes for preventing the formation of toxic oligomeric intermediates along the fibrillation pathway.

The Effect of Number of Teeth and Chewing Ability on Cognitive Function of Elderly in UAE: A Pilot Study.

Cognitive decline is one of the major causes of disability among the aging population. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between oral health parameters (number of teeth, chewing ability, and presence of a denture) and cognitive function in the elderly across the UAE. Fifty persons (age ≥ 60; 71.

Controlled release of an endostatin peptide using chitosan nanoparticles.

Whereas several anticancer peptides are in different stages of clinical development, their administration is limited by the fast elimination from the systemic circulation. Peptide loading on nano-carriers can pave the way for their future application. We have recently indicated that a disulfide loop rather than a Zn-binding loop improves the anti-angiogenic and antitumor activities of the N-terminal fragment of endostatin.