The effect of obesity phenotype changes on cardiovascular outcomes in adults older than 40 years in the prospective cohort of the Tehran lipids and glucose study (TLGS): joint model of longitudinal and time-to-event data.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide health concern with serious clinical effects, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and all-cause mortality. The present study aimed to assess the association of obesity phenotypes and different CVDs and mortality in males and females by simultaneously considering the longitudinal and survival time data.

Methods: In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), participants older than three years were selected by a multi-stage random cluster sampling method and followed for about 19 years.

The association between ambient air pollution and migraine: a systematic review.

Some studies have shown the effect of air pollution on migraine. However, it needs to be confirmed in larger-scale studies, as scientific evidence is scarce regarding the association between air pollution and migraine. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine whether there are associations between outdoor air pollution and migraine.

Association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction among patients with excess body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Controversial views exist over the effects of metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on CVDs. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals with excess body weight (EBW).

Cosmetic use and serum level of lead (not cadmium) affect bone mineral density among young Iranian women.

Bone mineral density is a crucially important index for skeletal health. A low amount of bone density (osteoporosis) is a common health problem among men and especially women. Among different parts of the body, women's face is the area on which many types of (facial) cosmetics are routinely applied.

Serum level of lead and cadmium is linked to facial cosmetics use among Iranian young women.

Cosmetics are applied widely by women and men for different proposes mainly beauty and skin care. However, the biologically active substances which are used in these products and their health effects are not fully known. The aims of this study were, first, to estimate the prevalence of cosmetics use, and second, to examine if any association exists between cosmetic use and serum levels of lead and cadmium (two heavy metals with major health effects) among young women.

Letter to the editor. Concerning the article entitled ''Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report".

• A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. • The most symptoms of disease have reported fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. • We followed up GBS symptoms in one infected patient with COVID-19.

The Impact of Sex Differences on Renal Protective Effects of Lipopolysaccharide Preconditioning in Septic Shock.

Background: Induction of septic shock by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may lead to acute renal failure. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of sex differences on the effectiveness of low-dose LPS preconditioning (LPS-PC) on LPS-induced acute renal failure in rats.

Methods: This study was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in 2017.

Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report.

Novel outbreak with coronavirus 2019 began since 31 December 2019. Coronaviruses can cause multiple systemic infections that respiratory complications are the most obvious symptoms. In this report, we describe the symptoms of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in one infected patient with COVID-19, for the first time.

Correction to: Scintigraphic evaluation of remote perconditioning protection against unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: a longitudinal study.

The original article was published with incorrect article title.

Scintigraphic evaluation of remote pre-conditioning protection against unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: a longitudinal study.

Purpose: To determine the role of remote perconditioning (RPeC) on renal function and histology in an animal model of unilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.

Methods: Rats were subjected to 60 min unilateral renal ischemia. RPeC protocol was the application of four cycles of 5 min IR of left femoral artery during renal ischemia.

Inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase distribution and expression with hind limb per-conditioning of the rat kidney.

Introduction: We recently reported that a series of brief hind limb ischemia and reperfusion (IR) at the beginning of renal ischemia (remote per-conditioning - RPEC) significantly attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. In the present study, we investigated whether the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway is involved in the RPEC protection of the rat ischemic kidneys.

Material And Methods: Male rats were subjected to right nephrectomy and randomized as: (1) sham, no additional intervention; (2) IR, 45 min of renal ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion; (3) RPEC, four 5 min cycles of lower limb IR administered at the beginning of renal ischemia; (4) RPEC+L-NAME (a non-specific NOS inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, .

Family and social predictors of substance use disorder in Iran: a case-control study.

Background: The problem of substance use disorder in Iran is of great national concern. The aim of this study was to measure the association between substance use disorder and demographic, social and behavioral factors in Yasuj city, located at southwest of Iran.

Methods: As the second phase of a previously published study, this case-control study was conducted in 2015-2016 on 362 addicted participants and 207 controls (with no history of substance use disorder).

Withdrawing attempt and its related factors among Iranian substance users: a case-control study.

Background: Substance dependence is considered as an important health disorder with a wide and serious range of psychosocial effects. With regard to the large number of people with substance dependency in Iran and high failure rate of quitting attempts, the aim of this study was to identify contributing factors to quitting substance dependency among patients in Yasuj the capital of Kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad province.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 150 current substance users (as control group) and 187 patients who voluntarily introduced themselves to governmental and private residential treatment camps (as case group).

Harmful Outcome of Occupational Exposure to Petrol: Assessment of Liver Function and Blood Parameters among Gas Station Workers in Kermanshah City, Iran.

Background: Petrol is an integral ingredient in industrial world. According to the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, there are typically more than 150 chemicals in petrol, including small amounts of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, and trace amounts of some contaminants, such as lead. The aim of this study was to measure the possible deleterious effect of long-term exposure to petrol on blood parameters and liver function.

Hypertension, risk factors and coronary artery stenosis: A case-control study.

Although hypertension is introduced as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), our knowledge about the nature of the association is hindered. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent associations of several factors including serologic, anthropometric and coronary artery stenosis (CAS) with blood pressure. This is a case-control study on 163 hypertensive patients (SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 80 mmHg) and 227 healthy participants.

Evaluation of environmental heat stress on physiological parameters.

Background: Thermal component of the atmospheric environment is an important issue which is related to human's health. Thermal environment includes both heat exchange conditions (stress) and the physiological response (strain). The aim of this study was to measure the association of heat indices (PSI, HSI, Humidex) especially subjective one (STI) with some physiological parameters (Blood pressure, pulse rate and skin temperature).

Involvement of neuronal pathways in the protective effects of hindlimb perconditioning during renal ischemia.

Remote ischemic perconditioning (RPEC) is a therapeutic intervention that has been demonstrated to reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying renal protective mechanism remains unclear. The present study hypothesized that RPEC may utilize neural pathways to transfer the protective signal from the perconditioned hindlimb to the kidney.

Factors associated with work ability index (WAI) among intensive care units' (ICUs') nurses.

Objectives: Work ability is a crucial occupational health issue in health care settings where a high physical and psychosocial work capacity is required and a high risk of disabling injuries and illnesses is predictable. This study aims to examine the association between the work ability index (WAI) and individual characterizations, workload, fatigue, and diseases among intensive care units' (ICUs') nurses.

Methods: The study sample included 214 nurses selected by a random sampling method from a target population consisting of 321 registered nurses working in eight ICUs.

Risk factors for being the at-fault driver: A case-control study.

Objective: It is estimated that road traffic accidents are globally responsible for approximately 1.2 million deaths and 20 to 50 million injuries. About 70% of traffic incidences (TIs) occur in developing countries and among countries with high TI rates; Iran is the first.

Hind limb perconditioning renoprotection by modulation of inflammatory cytokines after renal ischemia/reperfusion.

Purpose Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical problem associated with significant mortality and morbidity. One newly described strategy to reduce this damage is remote perconditioning (RPEC), in which short-time ischemia of a limb during renal ischemia reduces the I/R-induced kidney injury. This study aimed to assess whether RPEC confer protection through changes in pro-inflammatory mediators.

Angiotensin II in paraventricular nucleus contributes to sympathoexcitation in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by AT1 receptor and oxidative stress.

Background: To investigate the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and to assay the role of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA).

Methods: A cannula was inserted into the right side PVN in Sprague-Dawley rats for microinjection of Ang II (3, 30, and 300 ng); Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan (0.3 μg); and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol (20 nmol) before right side nephrectomy.

Remote preconditioning reduces oxidative stress, downregulates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and attenuates ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Remote preconditioning (rPeC) is a phenomenon by which short-time intermittent ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) of a remote organ during ischaemia protects other organs from I/R injury (IRI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of rPeC on renal IRI in rats. Rats were subjected to right nephrectomy and randomized as into a sham group (no additional intervention), an I/R group (subjected to 45 min left renal pedicle occlusion) and an rPeC group (subjected to four cycles of 5 min I/R of the left femoral artery administered at the beginning of renal ischaemia).