A Nanofibrous Polypyrrole Membrane with an Ultrahigh Areal Specific Capacitance and Improved Energy and Power Densities.

For conductive polymers to be competitive with carbon-based electrode materials, it is critical to increase their surface area and electroactivity. In this work, a thick nanofibrous polypyrrole (PPy) membrane with communicating interfiber spaces was prepared through one-pot interfacial polymerization for the first time. The electrochemical properties and conductivity of the membrane were studied with cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and a four-point probe.

Conductive Polymer-Based Electrodes and Supercapacitors: Materials, Electrolytes, and Characterizations.

New materials and the interactions between them are the basis of novel energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. In recent years, because of the increasing demand for electricity as an energy source, the development of new energy storage materials is among the most actively studied topics. Conductive polymers (CPs), because of their intrinsic electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity, have also been intensively explored.

A Simple Trick to Increase the Areal Specific Capacity of Polypyrrole Membrane: The Superposition Effect of Methyl Orange and Acid Treatment.

Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the attractive conducting polymers that have been investigated as energy storage materials in devices like supercapacitors. Previously, we have reported a free-standing soft PPy membrane synthesized through interfacial polymerization in which methyl orange (MO) and ferric chloride were used as nano template and oxidant. In this work, we report that the presence of MO and the treatment of the PPy-MO membrane with sulfuric acid can dramatically increase the specific capacitance of the membrane.

The effects of garlic-supplemented diets on skin mucosal immune responses, stress resistance and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on some skin mucus immune parameters, mucus antimicrobial activity and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fry. Fish (1 ± 0.07 g) were divided into four groups fed diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g kg(-1) garlic for 8 weeks.

Gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

This study focuses on endoscopic and pathologic alterations of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders of Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Nineteen of 39 CVID patients (48%) had GI complaints. The most common symptom was chronic diarrhea (28%).