Promising Effects of Zerumbone on the Regulation of Tumor-promoting Cytokines Induced by TNF-α-activated Fibroblasts.

Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are associated with the induction of inflammation. Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms, including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).

A promising effect of zerumbone with improved anti-tumor-promoting inflammation activity of miR-34a in colorectal cancer cell lines.

Cross-talk among inflammation and colorectal cancer cells is chiefly reported through a complex of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. MicroRNA performs strategic roles in controlling a variety of signaling cascades. miR-34a is known as a master regulator of tumor suppression.