Design, Development, and Evaluation of a 3D-Printed Buccal Myomucosal Flap Simulator.

Objective: Buccal myomucosal flap procedures have become a critical tool in the armamentarium of the cleft surgeon. Mastering this technique is complex and providing sufficient training opportunities presents significant challenges. Our study details the design, development, and evaluation of a low-cost, high-fidelity buccal myomucosal flap surgical simulator.

Evaluation of hematological markers as prognostic tools in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Reducing inflammation is central to the management of RA. However, commonly used markers such as CRP and ESR, along with the DAS-28 score, have shown limitations. Hematologic indices, such as platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), show potential as reliable indicators of inflammation in RA.

Pilot Evaluation of Silicone Surrogates for Oral Mucosa Simulation in Craniofacial Surgical Training.

Surgical simulators are crucial in early craniofacial and plastic surgical training, necessitating synthetic materials that accurately replicate tissue properties. Recent critiques of our lab's currently deployed silicone surrogate have highlighted numerous areas for improvement. To further refine our models, our group's objective is to find a composition of materials that is closest in fidelity to native oral mucosa during surgical rehearsal by expert craniofacial surgeons.

Effects of saline submersion at body temperature on airway supportive devices including a novel nasopharyngeal device produced using 3D-printing.

Purpose: This study investigated dimension changes of various nasopharyngeal airways, including a novel self-supporting device, after saline submersion at body temperature to simulate in-vivo use. Dimension changes over time may reduce efficacy during long-term use and require sizing adjustments or limits on duration of use.

Materials And Methods: Cuffless Covidien endotracheal tubes, pediatric Rusch fixed flange polyvinyl chloride nasal airway tubes, pediatric Rusch Robertazzi style Mediprene nasal airway tubes, and novel silicone elastomer self-supporting nasopharyngeal airways were fully submerged in 0.

A Validated 3D Printed Laryngeal Suturing Simulator for Endoscopic Laryngeal Cleft Repair.

Objectives: Endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair (ELCR) with endolaryngeal suturing is an advanced surgical skill. This study objective was to assess the validity of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed laryngeal suturing simulator for ELCR.

Study Design: Development and validation of a simulator for ELCR.

Development of a High-Fidelity, 3D Printed Otoplasty Surgical Simulator.

Importance: Prominotia has functional and esthetic impact for the child and family and proficiency in otoplasty requires experiential rehearsal.

Objectives: To design and validate an anatomically accurate, 3D printed prominotia simulator for rehearsal of otoplasties.

Methods: A 3D prominotia model was designed from a computed tomographic (CT) scan and edited in 3-matic software.

Hybrid Three-Dimensional-Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze the use of highly translatable three-dimensional (3D)-printed auricular scaffolds with and without novel cartilage tissue inserts in a rodent model.

Study Design: Preclinical rodent animal model.

Methods: This prospective study assessed a single-stage 3D-printed auricular bioscaffold with or without porcine cartilage tissue inserts in an athymic rodent model.

Preclinical assessment of clinically streamlined, 3D-printed, biocompatible single- and two-stage tissue scaffolds for ear reconstruction.

Auricular reconstruction is a technically demanding procedure requiring significant surgical expertise, as the current gold standard involves hand carving of the costal cartilage into an auricular framework and re-implantation of the tissue. 3D-printing presents a powerful tool that can reduce technical demands associated with the procedure. Our group compared clinical, radiological, histological, and biomechanical outcomes in single- and two-stage 3D-printed auricular tissue scaffolds in an athymic rodent model.

Expression of miR-9 and miR-200c, ZEB1, ZEB2 and E-cadherin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers in Iran.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a critical influence on physiological and pathological processes through posttranscriptional modification of their mRNA targets. They play important roles in tumorigenesis and are considered to be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancers. MiR-200c and miR-9 are regulatory elements that can have dual impacts as oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes.

Assessing the Diagnostic Value of Plasma-Free DNA in Prostate Cancer Screening.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second form of cancer among men worldwide. For early cancer detection, we should identify tumors in initial stages before the physical signs become visible. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), its comparison with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in prostate cancer screening and also in patients with localized prostate cancer, metastatic form, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Porous architected biomaterial for a tibial-knee implant with minimum bone resorption and bone-implant interface micromotion.

This investigation presents the numerical development of a fully porous tibial knee implant that is suggested to alleviate the clinical problems associated with current prostheses that are fully solid. A scheme combining multiscale mechanics and topology optimization is proposed to handle the homogenized analysis and property tailoring of the porous architecture with the aim of reducing the stiffness mismatch between the implant and surrounding bone. The outcome of applying this scheme is a graded lattice microarchitecture that can potentially offer the implant an improved degree of load bearing capacity while reducing concurrently bone resorption and interface micromotion.

Detection of Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) Using Circulating Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by Fluorescence-based Multiplex PCR for Identification of Patients With Prostate Cancer.

Several lines of evidence suggest that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in specific chromosomal regions is a common mechanism for the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Short tandem repeat (STR) sequences are extremely reliable genetic markers for the detection of LOH associated with cancers. Hence, in the current study, we investigated the detection of LOH at 6 STR markers (D8S360, D9S1748, D9S171, D8S137, D6S1631, and THRB) using blood circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which can be used to distinguish PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Analysis of Nonlinear Thermoelastic Dissipation in Euler-Bernoulli Beam Resonators.

The linear theory of thermoelastic damping (TED) has been extensively developed over the past eight decades, but relatively little is known about the different types of nonlinearities that are associated with this fundamental mechanism of material damping. Here, we initiate the study of a dissipative nonlinearity (also called thermomechanical nonlinearity) whose origins reside at the heart of the thermomechanical coupling that gives rise to TED. The finite difference method is used to solve the nonlinear governing equation and estimate nonlinear TED in Euler-Bernoulli beams.

Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice.

Purpose: Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin on development of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/vitrified two-cell mouse embryos were evaluated in this study.

Methods: The IVF two-cell embryos were vitrified by cryotop, and were cultured in KSOM medium in different concentrations of melatonin (10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12) M) and without melatonin. The blastocyst cell number, apoptotic cells and glutathione (GSH) level were evaluated by differential, TUNEL and cell tracker blue staining, respectively.

Novel molecular anti-colorectalcancer conjugate:chlorambucil-adipic acid dihydrizide-glutamine.

Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in the world and it has been years that finding new drugs and chemotherapeutic techniques with lowest side effects become one of the most important challenging matters needs really hard efforts. Chlorambucil (CBL), an ancient direct-acting alkylating anticancer agent, is commonly used for initial treatment of some kinds of cancers but the use of CBL is often limited because of the unpleasant side effects due to its lack of specificity for targeting cancer cells. In this research we tried to increase the specificity of CBL by producing a novel conjugate by using glutamine amino acid (Glut).