Molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida glabrata isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients.

Objective: The aim of the current work was to assess the molecular mechanisms of fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata strains isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in head and neck patients, as well as evaluation of virulence factors.

Design: Antifungal susceptibility pattern of sixty six clinical isolates of C. glabrata were evaluated by broth-microdilution method.

In vivo and in vitro Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Candida albicans Strains Isolated from Cutaneous Candidiasis.

Background: The Candida albicans is one of the most important global opportunistic pathogens, and the incidence of candidiasis has increased over the past few decades. Despite the established role of skin in defense against fungal invasion, little has been documented about the pathogenesis of Candida species when changing from normal flora to pathogens of vaginal and gastrointestinal epithelia. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro pathogenesis of clinical C.

Cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran: from epidemiology to multilocus sequence types, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of etiologic species.

Background And Objectives: Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture fungal infection caused by members of the genus which is considered as a public health problem all over the world with urgency of effective treatment and control. This study was performed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and molecular aspects of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran in relation to antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of etiologic species.

Materials And Methods: species were isolated from skin (27.

Exploration, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of halophilic bacteria communities from saline soils of Howze-Soltan playa in Iran.

In the present study, halophilic bacteria communities were explored in saline soils of Howze-Soltan playa in Iran with special attention to their biological activity against an aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from a total of 20 saline soils using specific culture media and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing in neighbor-joining tree analysis. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of the bacteria were screened by a nor-mutant A.

α-Bisabolol inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus Af239 growth via affecting microsomal ∆-sterol methyltransferase as a crucial enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.

Finding new compounds with antifungal properties is an important task due to the side effects of common antifungal drugs and emerging antifungal resistance in fungal strains. ∆-sterol methyltransferase (24-SMT) is a crucial enzyme that plays important roles in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway and is not found in humans. In the present study, the effects of α-bisabolol on Aspergillus fumigatus Af239 growth and ergosterol synthesis on the base of 24-SMT enzyme activity were studied; in addition, the expression of erg6, the gene encoded 24-SMT, was considered.

Terbinafine-loaded wound dressing for chronic superficial fungal infections.

In spite of developing new drugs and modern formulations, the treatments of chronic fungal infections are still challenging. Fibrous wound dressings are new suggestions for the treatment of chronic superficial infections. In the present study, we formulated an antifungal agent, terbinafine hydrochloride (TFH), which is a hydrophobic drug, in wound dressings prepared by electrospun polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone/gelatin (50:50 w/w) and gelatin.

Inhibitory effects of cold atmospheric plasma on the growth, ergosterol biosynthesis, and keratinase activity in Trichophyton rubrum.

Background: Dermatophytosis is the most important superficial fungal infection which affects nearly 20% of human population worldwide. Recurrence of disease and emerging resistance of Trichophyton rubrum to synthetic antifungals are the main problems in control of dermatophytosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on T.

Cold atmospheric plasma inhibits the growth of Candida albicans by affecting ergosterol biosynthesis and suppresses the fungal virulence factors in vitro.

Background: The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for a wide array of infections in susceptible individuals. Despite recent progress in developing novel antifungal drugs which combat Candida-related disorders, this fungus is still a major cause of life-threatening infections all over the world. In the present study, the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was evaluated on the growth of C.

Inhibitory effect of eugenol on aflatoxin B1 production in Aspergillus parasiticus by downregulating the expression of major genes in the toxin biosynthetic pathway.

Aflatoxin contamination of grains and agro-products is a serious food safety issue and a significant economic concern worldwide. In the present study, the effects of eugenol on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production were studied in relation to the expression of some essential genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. The fungus was cultured in presence of serial two-fold concentrations of eugenol (15.

A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from indoor and outdoor hospital environments.

In the present study, genetic diversity and mycotoxin profiles of Aspergillus flavus isolated from air (indoors and outdoors), levels (surfaces), and soils of five hospitals in Southwest Iran were examined. From a total of 146 Aspergillus colonies, 63 isolates were finally identified as A. flavus by a combination of colony morphology, microscopic criteria, and mycotoxin profiles.

The effects of N-acetylcysteine on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatic fibrosis in bile duct ligated rats.

Aim: N-acetylcysteine can inhibit the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates. Cellular redox state plays a role in regulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2.

Effects of silibinin on cell growth and invasive properties of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG-2, through inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation.

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effect of silibinin on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells. Microculture tetrazolium test (MTT assay), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Gelatin zymography, Griess reaction, Cell-based the extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation assay and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were employed to appraise the effect of silibinin on cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, metastatic potential, nitric oxide (NO) production, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and activation in HepG-2 cells. Silibinin inhibited cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase 2 enzymatic activity, NO production and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner without exerting any cytotoxicity effect.

Suppression of telomerase activity by pyrimethamine: implication to cancer.

Background: Although pyrimethamine (Tindurin) appears to be effective in the prevention and treatment of some infectious diseases, very little information exists on its unpredictable properties. We design this study to evaluate its anti-tumoral effect on a model of cell line.

Methods: The cytotoxic influence of Pyrimethamine on prostate cell line was investigated using an in vitro colometric assay.