Positive correlation between echocardiographic tricuspid E peak velocity and central venous pressure in dogs: A preliminary study.

In the absence of vascular obstruction, central venous pressure (CVP) is a hydrostatic pressure in the cranial and caudal vena cava, providing valuable information about cardiac function and intravascular volume status. It is also a component in evaluating volume resuscitation in patients with septic shock and monitoring patients with right heart disease, pericardial disease, or volume depletion. Central venous pressure is calculated in dogs by invasive central venous catheterization, which is considered high-risk and impractical in critically ill patients.

Association of body mass index with serum calcium and phosphate levels.

Objective: It has been shown that several environmental and physiological factors can affect on the serum levels of calcium and phosphate. The objective of the present study was explored the relationship between serum calcium and phosphate levels with anthropometric and hematological markers.

Methods: 908 subjects were recruited from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerosis disorder (MASHHAD) program.

Nutrients intake, and serum calcium and phosphorus levels: An evidence-based study.

Introduction: Dietary calcium and phosphorus appear to be important determinants of dyslipidemia and hypertension. We have investigated (1) the prevalence of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in an Iranian population, and (2) the association between nutrient's intake and serum levels of calcium and phosphorus.

Methods: A total of 908 individuals were enrolled using a stratified-cluster sampling method from the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerosis disorder (MASHHAD) study.