The renoprotective potential of montelukast: a scoping review.

Introduction: Kidney damage can result from various factors, leading to structural and functional changes in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, while chronic kidney disease involves a gradual deterioration lasting more than 3 months. Mechanisms of renal injury include impaired microcirculation, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

The predictive value of the Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) in the outcome of multi-traumatic patients compared to the estimated Injury Severity Score (eISS).

Purpose: The classification of trauma patients in emergency settings is a constant challenge for physicians. However, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) is widely used in developed countries, it may be difficult to perform it in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). As a result, the ISS was calculated using an estimated methodology that has been described and validated in a high-income country previously.

Acute fatal ventricular arrhythmia induced by severe hyperkalemia in a toddler with decompensated methylmalonic acidemia.

Background: Methylmalonic acidemia is a very rare genetic metabolic disease. Patients with isolated methylmalonic acidemia typically present with acute alterations of consciousness, failure to thrive, anorexia, vomiting, respiratory distress, and muscular hypotonia. Despite the evidence-based management, affected individuals experience significant morbidity and mortality.

An HIV-positive woman with massive brain lesion due to toxoplasmosis: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Toxoplasmosis-related huge brain lesions may require decompressive craniectomy and lesion excision to avoid brain damage. In this situation, injectable cotrimoxazole is a better choice for treatment.

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a worldly distributed obligate intracellular protozoa.

Clinical efficacy and safety of melatonin supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Background: Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted predominantly by the pineal gland that is demonstrated to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This research desires to evaluate the tolerability and beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin supplementations in patients with MS.

Methods: This study was executed following the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Pentaorchidism diagnosed on ultrasound examination: A case report and literature review.

Polyorchidism is a congenital malformation of the urogenital system that is usually found incidentally in adolescent age groups. Ultrasound and MRI are effective non-invasive diagnostic modalities which can differentiate this condition from other intrascrotal pathologies. Ultrasonography is mostly used in initial steps of diagnostic approach; however, MRI is considered as a modality to confirm diagnosis and evaluate possible malignancy.