Bone deficits in children and youth with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Deficits in bone mineral and weaker bone structure in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may contribute to a lifelong risk of fracture. However, there is no meta-analysis comparing bone properties beyond density between children with T1D and typically developing children (TDC). This meta-analysis aimed to assess differences and related factors in bone mineral content (BMC), density, area, micro-architecture and estimated strength between children with T1D and TDC.

Celecoxib inhibits acute edema and inflammatory biomarkers through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in rats.

Objectives: Celecoxib (CLX), a selective cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2) inhibitor, has been used for management of several inflammatory disorders. The present study aimed to explore the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in CLX induced anti-inflammatory response in rats.

Materials And Methods: Carrageenan-induced paw edema was used as an acute inflammation model.

Tigecycline antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance: narrative review.

Tigecycline is unique glycylcycline class of semisynthetic antimicrobial agents developed for the treatment of polymicrobial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Tigecycline evades the main tetracycline resistance genetic mechanisms, such as tetracycline-specific efflux pump acquisition and ribosomal protection, via the addition of a glycyclamide moiety to the 9-position of minocycline. The use of the parenteral form of tigecycline is approved for complicated skin and skin structure infections (excluding diabetes foot infection), complicated intra-abdominal infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults.

Microbiological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Focus on Mechanisms and Advances.

Some fungal species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium secretes toxic metabolites known as mycotoxins, have become a global concern that is toxic to different species of animals and humans. Biological mycotoxins detoxification has been studied by researchers around the world as a new strategy for mycotoxin removal. Bacteria, fungi, yeast, molds, and protozoa are the main living organisms appropriate for the mycotoxin detoxification.

Effect of Sodium Cromoglycate on Acetic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Background/aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that mainly involves the colon. Thus far, glucocorticoids and amino-salicylate have been the main treatment.

Methods: To assess drugs with fewer side effects, this study evaluated the effects of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on acetic acid-induced UC in rats.

Tropisetron attenuates tumor growth and progression in an experimental model of mouse lung cancer.

The antineoplastic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists have been shown in previous studies. However, the exact underlying mechanisms mediating these antineoplastic effects are unclear. In the present study, we assessed the antineoplastic effects of tropisetron, a 5-HT receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of lung cancer in BALB/c mouse.

Antimicrobial resistance, prevalence of resistance genes, and molecular characterization in intestinal Bacteroides fragilis group isolates.

Since the level of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides fragilis has increased, monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility could be necessary. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the prevalence of species, the occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility (E-test method), and antibiotic resistance genes in the B. fragilis group and (ii) evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic B.

Fosfomycin: mechanisms and the increasing prevalence of resistance.

There are challenges regarding increased global rates of microbial resistance and the emergence of new mechanisms that result in microorganisms becoming resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic effective against Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococci, that interfere with cell wall synthesis. During the last 40 years, fosfomycin has been evaluated in a wide range of applications and fields.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Rat Muscle Glycogen Fractions.

Introduction: Homogenization of animal tissues with cold Perchloric Acid (PCA) produces two fractions of glycogen, Acid Soluble Glycogen (ASG) and Acid Insoluble Glycogen (AIG).

Aim: To determine some physicochemical characteristics of muscle glycogen fractions in two groups of rat.

Materials And Methods: An experimental study was conducted on two groups of five male rats.

The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of myogenous temporomandibular joint disorder.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been commonly used for the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions, but the results of previous studies on this subject are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in the management of patients with myogenic temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 20 patients with myogenic TMD were randomly divided into laser and placebo groups.