Optimization of Degenerate PCR Conditions for Reducing Error Rates in Detection of PKS and NRPS Gene groups in Actinomycetes.

Background: The screen of Polyketide Synthase () and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase () gene groups is a quick way to discover new therapeutic agents. However, errors in laboratory techniques cause a loss of touch with reality. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of and gene groups in previously isolated strains by optimizing their specialized amplification by degenerate primers and indicating the evolutionary relationships with reference strains.

: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives.

For a long time, the genus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in -related genera, particularly in the order (earlier heterotypic synonym: ), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, , will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy.

Biosynthesis of Calcite Nanocrystal by a Novel Polyextremophile Bhargavaea cecembensis-Related Strain Isolated from Sandy Soil.

Urease-producing bacteria are abundant in soils, which can precipitate calcium carbonate nanocrystals by enzymatic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of calcium ions. This process is known as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP), and it has received much attention in recent years as an eco-friendly technology. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to isolate local extremophile bacterial strains capable of producing calcium carbonate.

Enhancement of biomass and total carotenoid content of a UV-resistant strain of in response to different carbon and nitrogen sources.

In the present study, the effect of various fermentation media on the production of carotenoid pigment in a radiation-resistant strain of was reported. The biomass and pigment production of this strain was evaluated using various sources of carbon and nitrogen as well as different concentrations of whey medium. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracted pigment were also determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH), and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays.

Efficacy of polyextremophilic Aeribacillus pallidus on bioprocessing of beet vinasse derived from ethanol industries.

This work aimed to evaluate the applicability of Aeribacillus pallidus for the aerobic treatment of the concentrated beet vinasse with high chemical oxygen demand (COD 685 g.L) that is defined as an environmental pollutant. This bacterium is a polyextremophilic strain and grow aerobically up to 7.

The Effect of Calcium/Magnesium Ratio on the Biomass Production of a Novel Thermoalkaliphilic Aeribacillus pallidus Strain with Highly Heat-Resistant Spores.

Hot springs are fascinating extreme environments for the isolation of polyextremophilic microorganisms with extraordinary characteristics. Since polyextremophilic bacterial growth are not as high as routine bacteria, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on biomass and metabolites productions in the newly isolated strain, from Larijan hot spring in Iran. The strain was identified as Aeribacillus pallidus Lhs-10 and deposited as CCUG 72355 and IBRC-M 11202 in Sweden and Iran, respectively.

An ancient plant for the synthesis of a novel carbon dot and its applications as an antibacterial agent and probe for sensing of an anti-cancer drug.

An innovative, facile, low- cost and one-pot hydrothermal synthesis was developed for preparing a high fluorescence carbon dots (CDs). In this report for the first time, Lawsonia inermis (Henna) plant as a carbon source was used to produce CDs without adding any chemical reagent and it was characterized by different techniques. The as-synthesized CDs exhibit high stability under various conditions and exceptionally solubility in hydrophilic solvents such as water and ethanol.

Microbial diversity in the hypersaline Lake Meyghan, Iran.

Lake Meyghan is one of the largest and commercially most important salt lakes in Iran. Despite its inland location and high altitude, Lake Meyghan has a thalassohaline salt composition suggesting a marine origin. Inputs of fresh water by rivers and rainfall formed various basins characterized by different salinities.

Natronoarchaeum persicum sp. nov., a haloarchaeon isolated from a hypersaline lake.

A novel halophilic archaeon, designated strain WIIAL99T, was isolated from Lake Meyghan, a hypersaline lake in Iran. Cells of strain WIIAL99T were non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain WIIAL99T required at least 2.

Efficient Media for High Lipase Production: One Variable at a Time Approach.

Background: Lipase enzymes have applications in a wide range of industries. A crucial determining factor of industrial prices of these enzymes is the culture media composition that is constantly under review by researchers. In this work, for maximum lipase production by , culture media compositions were optimized using ″one variable at a time″ strategy.

Enhancement of production and activity of alkaline zinc metalloprotease from Salinivibrio proteolyticus using low intensity direct electric current and zinc nanoparticles.

Objectives: To improve the production and activity of an alkaline zinc metalloprotease from Salinivibrio proteolyticus in response to ZnSO4 (ionic and nanoparticle forms) and low intensity direct electric current (LIDC).

Results: A DC of 50 µA for 10 min increased enzyme production from 35 to 53 U ml(-1) when applied to the stationary phase bacterial cells. Zn(2+) improved enzyme production better than zinc nanoparticles (52 vs.

Heterotrophic Bioleaching of Sulfur, Iron, and Silicon Impurities from Coal by Fusarium oxysporum FE and Exophiala spinifera FM with Growing and Resting Cells.

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel containing sulfur and other elements which promote environmental pollution after burning. Also the silicon impurities make the transportation of coal expensive. In this research, two isolated fungi from oil contaminated soil with accessory number KF554100 (Fusarium oxysporum FE) and KC925672 (Exophiala spinifera FM) were used for heterotrophic biological leaching of coal.

Isolation of Dickeya dadantii strains from potato disease and biocontrol by their bacteriophages.

One of the most economically important bacterial pathogens of plants and plant products is Dickeya dadantii. This bacterium causes soft rot disease in tubers and other parts of the potato and other plants of the Solanaceae family. The application of restricted host range bacteriophages as biocontrol agents has recently gained widespread interest.

Isolation and Characterization of a New Thermoalkalophilic Lipase from Soil Bacteria.

Lipases are diversified enzymes in their properties and substrate specificity, which make them attractive tools for various industrial applications. In this study, an alkalinethermostable lipase producing bacteria were isolated from soil of different regions of Isfahan province (Iran) and its lipase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. To select a thermoalkalophil lipase producing bacterium, Rhodamine B and Horikoshi media were used and the strain that can grow at 45° Cwas selected.

Sulfur Removal from Dibenzothiophene by Newly Isolated Paenibacillus validus Strain PD2 and Process Optimization in Aqueous and Biphasic (Model-Oil) Systems.

Dibenzothiophene (DBT) is an organic sulfur compound which remains in oil after hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process and can be removed by biodesulfurization (BDS). A new strain of Paenibacillus validus (strain PD2) was isolated from oil contaminated soils that is able to desulfurize DBT. HPLC analysis and Gibbs assay showed that this strain was capable to convert DBT to 2-Hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) as final product.

A novel metabolite (1,3-benzenediol, 5-hexyl) production by Exophiala spinifera strain FM through dibenzothiophene desulfurization.

Sulfur dioxide which is released from petroleum oil combustion causes pollution over the atmosphere and the soil. Biodesulfurization can be used as a complementary method of hydrodesulfurization, the common method of petroleum desulfurization in refineries. Many studies have been carried out to develop biological desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with bacterial biocatalysts.

Improvement of Biodesulfurization Rate of Alginate Immobilized Rhodococcus erythropolis R1.

Background: Sulfur oxides released from the burning of oil causes severe environmental pollution. The sulfur can be removed via the 4S pathway in biodesulfurization (BDS). Immobilization approaches have been developed to prevent cell contamination of oil during the BDS process.

Isolation and characterization of novel thermophilic lipase-secreting bacteria.

The purpose of the present study was to screen and identify the lipase-producing microorganisms from various regions of Iran. Samples collected from hot spring, Persian Gulf, desert area and oil-contaminated soil, were analyzed for thermophilic extracellular-lipase producing organisms. Six strains with high activity on rhodamine B plates were selected for chemical identification and further study.

Comparative modeling of DszC, an enzyme in biodesulfurization, and performing in silico point mutation for increasing tendency to oil.

Desulfurization protein named DszC from Rhodococcus erythropolis is the key enzyme for biodesulforization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in 4S pathway, which is a pathway with four enzymes. DszC enzyme biodesulfurizes DBT and its derivatives in oil components and biphasic systems. It functions well at the oil- water interface.

Microtitre plate assay for biofilm formation, production and utilization of hydroxybiphenyl by Rhodococcus sp. isolated from gasoline-contaminated soil.

Gasoline-contaminated soil from Isfahan, Iran was selected to isolate a bacterium capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene (DBT). The isolated strain was named R1 and identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis through biochemical tests as well as sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. This strain could efficiently produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP) from DBT via the 4S metabolic pathway.