Global antimicrobial use in livestock farming: an estimate for cattle, chickens, and pigs.

Livestock farming substantially contributes to the global economy and food security. However, it poses crucial environmental, animal welfare, and public health challenges. The main objective of this study is to quantify the global antimicrobial use (AMU) in cattle, chicken, and pig farming.

Evaluating the contribution of antimicrobial use in farmed animals to global antimicrobial resistance in humans.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently regarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most significant risks to global public health. The most critical causes of AMR infections in humans are the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans and farmed animals. The rising global demand for food of animal origin encourages the increase of animal production worldwide, especially in developing countries.

Flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with high-performance polymer and metal mesh.

Background: The flexural strength (FS) of a denture base material is of great concern, and many approaches have been used to strengthen the denture acrylic resins. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-performance polymer (BioHPP) and metal mesh reinforcement on the FS of a heat-cured poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin.

Materials And Methods: This experimental study was done on 30 rectangular specimens (64 mm × 13 mm × 3 mm) of a heat-cured PMMA resin.

Stress-dependent conformational changes of artemin: Effects of heat and oxidant.

Artemin is an abundant thermostable protein in Artemia embryos and it is considered as a highly efficient molecular chaperone against extreme environmental stress conditions. The conformational dynamics of artemin have been suggested to play a critical role in its biological functions. In this study, we have investigated the conformational and functional changes of artemin under heat and oxidative stresses to identify the relationship between its structure and function.

Applying mindfulness training to enhance the mental toughness and emotional intelligence of amateur basketball players.

Objectives: Mindfulness is a proven treatment in clinical settings. Our objective was to examine the feasibility and effect of a mindfulness-training program on the mental resilience and emotional intelligence of amateur basketball players.

Methods: This was a parallel-group, pre- and post- test, randomised controlled trial.

Dimensional stability of two solder index materials.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy of two indexing materials, an acrylic resin (GC pattern resin) and a castable composite (Bredent). The effect of time lapse until investment was also investigated.

Materials And Methods: Two standardized brass dies 15 mm apart were prepared and then 20 identical coping-bar assemblies were designed and fabricated by a rapid prototyping device.

The effect of bright light on physiological circadian rhythms and subjective alertness of shift work nurses in Iran.

In this study, the effects of bright light (BL) on the rhythms in body temperature, plasma melatonin, plasma cortisol and subjective alertness, in 34 shift work nurses at a university hospital were assessed. They were exposed to very BL (4,500 lx) during 2 breaks (21:15-22:00 and 3:15-4:00) or dim light (300 lx). The subjects were studied under 24 h of realistic conditions during which their plasma cortisol and melatonin were measured at 3-h intervals; their body temperature was also measured during and after night shift work.