Spirulina platensis Peptide-Loaded Nanoliposomes Alleviate Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Male Wistar Rats by Influencing Redox Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism via the AMPK Signaling Pathway.

Spirulina platensis low-molecular-weight peptides (SP) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. However, the limited bioavailability and solubility of SPs limit their potential applications. In this study, to examine the potential anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanisms of SPs, high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model rats were treated with SPs and SP-loaded nanoliposomes.

Fat mass and obesity associated gene and homeobox transcription factor iriquois-3 mRNA profiles in the metabolic tissues of zebrafish are modulated by feeding and food deprivation.

Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has been strongly associated with obesity, and it is functionally linked to the homeobox transcription factor iriquois-3 (IRX3). In mammals, FTO and IRX3 are involved in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. This study aimed to determine whether FTO and IRX3are affected by feeding and food unavailability.

Protection efficacy and immunogenicity of Clostridium chauvoei proteins as a subunit blackleg vaccine or an adjuvant for Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxoid.

Potential application of Clostridium chauvoei proteins was studied as a subunit blackleg vaccine or a biological adjuvant for Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxoid vaccine. Extracellular and cell surface proteins were extracted from C. chauvoei culture, and their protective efficacy was evaluated by potency test in guinea pigs.

Identification of the Potential Role of the E4orf4 Protein in Adenovirus A, B, C, and D Groups in Cancer Therapy: Computational Approaches.

The human adenovirus (HADV) early region 4 open reading frame 4 (E4orf4) protein plays a regulatory role in promoting viral infection by interacting with various cellular proteins. E4orf4 can induce death in cancer cells. One of the death pathways that is induced by this protein is related to the formation of membrane blebbing following the phosphorylation of tyrosine amino acids.

Optimizing central venous access devices insertion in thrombocytopenic patients: Balancing efficacy and safety.

Introduction: Recently, the rising incidence of trauma, cancer, and critical illnesses has led to a growing necessity for Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs). Inserting CVADs in thrombocytopenic patients is still challenging. This study tries to shed light on the safety and associated risks of CVADs insertion in this high-risk group, with the ultimate goal of informing clinical practice and aiding in decision-making processes.

Interaction of toll-like receptors and ACE-2 with different variants of SARS-CoV-2: A computational analysis.

Introduction: Computational studies were performed to investigate the unknown status of endosomal and cell surface receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The interactions between Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- 4/7/8/9 or ACE2 receptor and different SARS-CoV-2 variants were investigated.

Methods: The RNA motifs for TLR7, TLR8 and a CpG motif for TLR9 were analyzed in different variants.

Strategies for diagnosing Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia: Nosematidae); the agent of pebrine disease.

Pebrine disease, caused by Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis), is the most important pathogen known to the silk industry. Historical evidence from several countries shows that the outbreaks of pebrine disease have largely caused the decline of the sericulture industry.

Role of miRNAs in assisted reproductive technology.

Cellular proteins and the mRNAs that encode them are key factors in oocyte and sperm development, and the mechanisms that regulate their translation and degradation play an important role during early embryogenesis. There is abundant evidence that expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial for embryo development and are highly involved in regulating translation during oocyte and early embryo development. MiRNAs are a group of short (18-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene silencing.

The potential effect of melatonin on in vitro oocyte maturation and embryo development in animals.

Melatonin is a hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland during the circadian cycle, with low levels during the daytime and prominent levels during the night. It is involved in numerous physiological functions including the immune system, circadian rhythm, reproduction, fertilization, and embryo development. In addition, melatonin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects inside the body by scavenging reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, increasing antioxidant defenses, and blocking the transcription factors of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Cu-doped FeO nanoparticles for efficient detoxification of epsilon toxin: Toward substituting magnetically recyclable detoxifying agent for formaldehyde.

This research presents the synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped FeO (Cu-FeO) nanoparticles as a magnetically recoverable and reusable detoxifying agent for the efficient and long-lasting neutralization of bacterial toxins. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the combustion synthesis method and characterized through SEM, XRD, BET, TGA, and VSM techniques. The detoxification potential of Cu-FeO was compared with traditional formaldehyde (FA) in detoxifying epsilon toxin (ETx) from Clostridium perfringens Type D, the causative agent of enterotoxemia in ruminants.

Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples.

Background: The increasing importance of antibiotic resistance shows the need for determining indices of the epidemiology of infection.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated from bovine mastitis cases.

Methods: A total of 200 cattle were selected based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) results, and the samples were cultured in the laboratory.

Diagnosis of Pebrine Disease in Silkworm Using Molecular Methods.

Since pebrine disease, as the most important and dangerous disease in silkworms, spreads horizontally through the spores and vertically through the eggs, combating the disease and eliminating it completely from livestock production has been associated with numerous problems. This project aimed to identify the molecular cause of pebrine disease in silkworms using a sensitive, specific, and accurate method. To this purpose, a 136 bp fragment was selected based on the partial SSU rDNA sequence, and a pair of primers was designed.

The effect of orlistat in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver in adolescents with overweight and obese.

Unlabelled: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can manifest as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or severe fibrosis, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. However, there is no proven cure for it so far. This study was conducted to determine whether adolescents with NAFLD would improve with treatment intervention with orlistat.

Effect of formalin percentage, incubation time and temperature on Clostridium chauvoei culture inactivation and immunogenicity.

Objectives: In order to find the optimal inactivation conditions for Clostridium chauvoei culture, different factors were investigated and the immunogenicity of inactivated cultures was studied.

Methods: C. chauvoei was cultured with different formalin percentages (0.

Value of Serological Biomarker Panel in Diagnosis of Atrophic Gastritis and Infection.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. infection is clearly correlated with gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, the use of a new non-invasive test, known as the GastroPanel test, can be very helpful to identify patients at a high risk, including those with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia.

The role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis and severity of inflammatory bowel disease in children.

Unlabelled: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are simple and inexpensive inflammatory biomarkers that reflect systemic inflammation based on complete blood count values. In this study, we investigate the role of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and severity of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed 73 pediatric patients with IBD with a retrospective study design who underwent measurement of fecal calprotectin (FC) and endoscopy and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Minimally invasive approach in symptomatic aberrant right subclavian artery treatment.

Introduction And Importance: Anomalous right subclavian artery (ARSA) represents an uncommon anatomical deviation concerning the genesis of the right subclavian artery. As the predominant embryological irregularity of the aortic arch, it is clinically recognized as arteria lusoria (AL).

Case Presentation: This study, describe the instance of a 22-year-old female exhibiting a non-aneurysmal, symptomatic anomalous right subclavian artery (ARSA) coursing posteriorly to the esophagus, as evidenced by thoracic computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Major pathogenic in human and progress toward the clostridial vaccines.

The genus is composed of a large spectrum of heterogeneous bacteria. They are Gram-positive, mostly mesophilic, and anaerobic spore-forming strains. are widely distributed in oxygen-free habitats.

Genetic Polymorphisms in MicroRNA-196a2 and the Risk of Human Abortion Related to Mycoplasma hominis.

Mutations in some miRNAs are associated with human recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In parallel, Mycoplasma spp. are one of the most common infections in pregnant women.

Molecular Characterization of a New Nosema bombycis Strain Detected in Iranian Silkworm Farms.

Purpose: Pebrine as the most dangerous disease of silkworm mostly caused by Nosema species has caused huge economic losses. There is no information on the species and the genomic sequences of the pebrine-causing microsporidia in Iran.

Methods: In the present research, we tried to determine the sequences of two regions of rDNA using molecular methods.

Synthesis of spirulina loaded chitosan nanoparticles from prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense shell for extending the shelf life of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) fillet during refrigerated storage.

Background: This study was aimed to synthesize polymeric chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) from Macrobrachium nipponense shells using sodium triphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker that was incorporated with spirulina extract (SPE) to improve the shelf life of pike-perch during refrigerated storage (4 °C).

Results: The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SPE-loaded CSNPs decreased from 67% to 32%, and loading capacity (LC) was increased (10-14%) depending on their loaded SPE concentrations. The initial burst effect, followed by a slow-release at pH 7 (24 h), was observed.

Evaluation of cellular and humoral immune response in chickens immunized with flagellin-adjuvanted inactivated newcastle disease virus.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of flagellin as adjuvant in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine on the cellular and humoral immunity in chickens. Fifty-six specific pathogen-free chickens were assigned to seven groups of eight chickens and immunized twice with a two-week interval, intramuscularly. Group 1, received phosphate buffered saline as control (C), groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were immunized with inactivated NDV [Ag], Ag + full FliC protein [AgF], Ag + truncated Flic protein [AgT], Ag + native Flic protein [AgN], commercial NDV vaccine [Vac] and Vac + N [VacN], respectively.

A simple method for purification of epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D for serum neutralization assay.

Enterotoxaemia, a disease that affects domestic ruminants, is caused by the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D and B. Control and prophylaxis are based on systemic vaccination of small ruminant herds with epsilon toxoid. Purified epsilon toxin is an essential material for vaccine evaluation.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of different extracts of red algae () on HT29 cells.

Background And Purpose: Marine algae are potential renewable and sustainable sources of bioactive natural products which can be utilized in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Experimental Approach: Different extracts (methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of red algae, , was evaluated for their antioxidant potential, with various antioxidant assessment assays, cytotoxic properties (using MTT colorimetric assay), and phytochemical constituents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents). The GC-MS analyses of the algal methanolic extract and its apoptotic effects on the human colon carcinoma cell line (HT29) were also investigated.

Vaccination against pathogenic clostridia in animals: a review.

Clostridium is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacterium, which is found in the surrounding environments throughout the world. Clostridium species cause botulism, tetanus, enterotoxaemia, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, blackleg, and black disease. Clostridium infection causes severe economic losses in livestock and poultry industries.