Cancer Incidence and Mortality Patterns in Hemodialysis Patients: A Descriptive Study.

Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a condition where the kidneys cease functioning, requiring renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. ESRD patients face numerous health challenges, including an elevated risk of developing malignancies. Factors contributing to this increased cancer risk include immune suppression, chronic inflammation, DNA repair deficiencies, and chronic viral infections.

Harnessing the eccrine sweat glands for the management of interdialytic weight gain - a pilot study.

Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to excess volume accumulation, particularly over the 2-day interval (long interdialytic gap), resulting in higher interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). We thought to determine whether a novel device designed to enhance fluid and salt loss by activating the eccrine sweat glands can mitigate IDWG. Patients eligible for the study were undergoing regular hemodialysis for ≥3 months, without residual renal function, and with IDWG (as a percentage of IDWG/dry body weight) ≥2.

Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Cardiac Function in Dialysis Patients.

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by the activation of adverse neurohormonal systems and a high mortality rate. Noteworthy, HF is a well-known complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), where dialysis patients are seven to eight times more likely to encounter cardiac arrest than the general population. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient treatments to improve cardiac function in dialysis patients and eventually reduce the cardiovascular death toll.

Novel perspectives regarding the physiologic mechanisms by which gliflozins induce reticulocytosis and erythrocytosis.

Gliflozins provide a breakthrough in the management of type-2 diabetes. In addition to facilitating normoglycemia, these sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors attenuate obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fluid retention, reduce cardiovascular morbidity, retard the progression of renal dysfunction, and improve survival. The administration of gliflozins also triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production, with the consequent induction of reticulocytosis and erythrocytosis.

An Innovative Ultrasound Technique for Early Detection of Kidney Dysfunction: Superb Microvascular Imaging as a Reference Standard.

Background: Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is an innovative ultrasound image processing technique that provides greater detail and better visualization of small branching vessels. We assume that SMI will provide sufficient information regarding the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reflecting histological changes.

Aims: The aims was to assess the capabilities of SMI imaging regarding the early detection of kidney dysfunction and renal fibrosis in comparison to the reference standard renal biopsy for the early diagnosis of kidney fibrosis.

Waning Humoral Response 3 to 6 Months after Vaccination with the SARS-COV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Dialysis Patients.

Background And Objectives: The short-term reported antibody response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination in dialysis patients is high, with a seroconversion response rate up to 97%. Data on the long-term durability of this response are scarce. Our objective was to characterize the long-term anti-spike antibody level in dialysis patients.

ACE2, COVID-19 Infection, Inflammation, and Coagulopathy: Missing Pieces in the Puzzle.

Engulfed by the grave consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a better understanding of the unique pattern of viral invasion and virulence is of utmost importance. Angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a key component in COVID-19 infection. Expressed on cell membranes in target pulmonary and intestinal host cells, ACE2 serves as an anchor for initial viral homing, binding to COVID-19 spike-protein domains to enable viral entry into cells and subsequent replication.

Haptoglobin phenotype among patients with IgA nephropathy: Impact on disease progression and response to treatment.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by proteinuria, hypertension, and decreased glomerular filtration rate at the time of diagnosis. However, the underlying mechanism is still obscure. The impact of haptoglobin (Hp) phenotype, as a genetic risk factor, on the progression of IgAN has not been studied yet.

Glycocalyx Degradation in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

The glycocalyx is a layer coating the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells. It is vital for endothelial function as it participates in microvascular reactivity, endothelium interaction with blood constituents, and vascular permeability. Structural and functional damage to glycocalyx occurs in various disease states.

Impact of pretreatment with carnitine and tadalafil on contrast-induced nephropathy in CKD patients.

The present study assesses whether phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor or carnitine exert nephroprotective effects against clinical contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The present study consisted of three groups of CKD patients. The first group was control group, who were treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine 1 day before and on the day of radiocontrast administration.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Rare Case Report from Nephrology.

BACKGROUND Tumor lysis syndrome is common in hematological malignancy, but less frequent in chronic and solid tumors. Almost always it is observed after chemotherapy or radiotherapy initiation, but rarely occurs spontaneously. CASE REPORT A 89-year-old female with stable chronic lymphocytic leukemia was admitted to the hospital because of worsening dyspnea and dry cough.

[PREECLAMPSIA: PATHOGENESIS AND MECHANISMS BASED THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES].

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy affecting 3-8% of all pregnancies. It increases the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the pregnant woman, especially in developing countries. It deleteriously affects several vital organs, including the kidney, heart, liver, brain, and lung.

Preeclampsia: Novel Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy where it affects 5-8% of all pregnancies. It increases the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and pregnant woman, especially in developing countries. It deleteriously affects several vital organs, including the kidneys, liver, brain, and lung.

Elevated Neutrophil Gelatinase Lipocalin Levels Are Associated With Increased Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Administration of intravenous iron is an essential treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients, but it may lead to oxidative stress and increased morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is protective against oxidative stress and thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between plasma NGAL and advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) in hemodialysis patients treated with intravenous iron.

Methods: In a prospective study, 47 hemodialysis patients (mean age 63 years, SD = 13.

Haptoglobin Phenotype Among Arab Patients With Mental Disorders.

Background: Depression, schizophrenia and panic disorder are common mental disorders in the community and hospitalized patients. These mental disorders negatively affect life quality and even expectancy of life. Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotype (Hp 1-1, 1-2, or 2-2) is associated with risk for cardiovascular diseases, but its association with psychiatric disorders, a growing concern in the modern society, has not been studied thoroughly.

Superb Microvascular Imaging: Added Value and Novel Applications.

Determining the presence and characteristics of vascular flow is an essential part of sonography interrogation. However, small vessels and low velocities are not always possible to depict with conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound. This can be frustrating, especially when the diagnosis depends mainly on the existence of vascular flow, the sonographic examination will be inconclusive, further imaging examinations will be required and diagnosis delayed.

l-Carnitine improves cognitive and renal functions in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

Over the past decade, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has reached epidemic proportions. The search for novel pharmacological treatment for CKD has become an area of intensive clinical research. l-Carnitine, considered as the "gatekeeper" responsible for admitting long chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria.

Effects of carnitine on oxidative stress response to intravenous iron administration to patients with CKD: impact of haptoglobin phenotype.

Background: Anemia is a common disorder in CKD patients. It is largely attributed to decreased erythropoietin (EPO) production and iron deficiency. Therefore, besides EPO, therapy includes iron replenishment.