Open Partial Nephrectomy with Zero Ischaemia Using a Supra 12th Rib Miniflank Incision: A Minimally Invasive Open Approach for Small Renal Masses.

Introduction: To assess a minimally invasive open technique for partial nephrectomy with zero ischaemia time.

Methods: A review was performed in a prospectively maintained database of a single surgeon series of all patients undergoing partial nephrectomy using a supra 12 rib miniflank incision with zero ischaemia. Data of seventy one patients who underwent a partial nephrectomy over an 82-month period were analyzed.

Antibiotics, Acid and Heat Tolerance of Honey adapted , Typhi and .

The medicinal importance of honey has been known for many decades due to its antimicrobial properties against life-threatening bacteria. However, previous studies revealed that microorganisms are able to develop adaptations after continuous exposure to antimicrobial compounds. The present study was conducted to explore the impact of subinhibitory concentrations of branded honey (Marhaba) and unbranded honey (extracted from plant) locally available in Pakistan on ATCC 10536, Typhi and by investigating the development of self- or cross-resistance to antibiotics (gentamicin, kanamycin and imipenem).

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Pakistan: Current Scenario and Review of Literature.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health concern globally, resulting in liver-related complications. Approximately 6% population of Pakistan is infected with HCV. HCV is error prone, due to which it is classified into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes.

Prevalence and Treatment of Untypable HCV Variants in Different Districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

In Pakistan, around 11 million people are infected with, at least, six circulating genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The viral burden is still on rise. HCV genotype determination is necessary to devise appropriate antiviral therapy.

Why more research needs to be done on echinococcosis in Pakistan.

Background: Echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution with endemic foci on every inhabited continent. Due to the frequent outbreaks in different parts of Pakistan in the recent past, echinococcosis is being described as a neglected tropical disease and is considered one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the country. In endemic regions, predominantly settings with limited resources, there are high numbers of echinococcosis patients, as these communities do not have access to appropriate treatment.

Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles on broad spectrum of microorganisms.

Nano particles have received increased attention regarding their potential utility in biomedicine. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of ZnO nano particles with various particle sizes. ZnO nano particles were synthesized by conventional precipitation method using zinc sulphate and sodium hydroxide as precursors followed by the calcinations of precipitates at 350 °C for 6 h (sample A) and 550 °C for 2 h (sample B).

Narrow-band imaging flexible cystoscopy: a new user's experience.

Background And Purpose: We and others have demonstrated previously an improved detection rate for bladder cancer recurrences with narrow-band imaging (NBI) flexible cystoscopy when compared with conventional white-light imaging (WLI) flexible cystoscopy. We investigated whether a "new user" of NBI flexible cystoscopy, previously unfamiliar with this technique, could reproduce these results.

Patients And Methods: The same protocol from our previous study was used by a new user (ZHS) for this second study at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.