[CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RETINA IN CHRONIC STRESS IN LABORATORY RATS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS].

The retina was studied in albino laboratory male rats of two age groups (12 and 24 months), 10 animals in each subjected to chronic combined stress. The stress was caused in animals by simultaneous exposure to pulsed light, loud sound, swinging and restriction of mobility for 7 days, 30 mm daily. The retina of intact rats of the corresponding age groups (n = 20) served as control.

[Alzheimer's disease and geriatric eye diseases in the aspect of amyloid genesis].

Geriatric eye diseases (age-related macular regeneration, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, senile cataract) are one of the most important problems of modern ophthalmology. Meanwhile, the treatment of these diseases continues to be primarily empirically based for lack of not only valid data on their etiology, but even consensus of opinion on their pathogenesis. This review gives the current views on the commonness of the etiopathogenetic and morphological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and age-related eye diseases in the aspect of amyloid genesis.

Immunohistochemical characteristics of the hypophysis in normal conditions and chronic stress.

Quantitative immunohistochemical methods were used to assess activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system at the level of its central component - the adenohypophysis - in the growing body during chronic exposure to psychoemotional stressors of different strengths. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 30 days were subjected to "mild" or "severe" immobilization stress for 5 h per day for seven days. Animals were decapitated at the end of the last stress session and the endocrine glands (hypophysis, adrenals) were harvested, weighed, and embedded in paraffin; sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and also immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) following by automated image analysis.

[Immunohistochemical characteristics of the hypophysis under normal and stress-associated conditions].

Quantitative immunohistochemical investigation was undertaken to detect the peculiarities of the activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system at the level of its central unit--the adenohypophysis--in the growing organism under the conditions of chronic exposure to psycho-emotional stressors of varying intensities. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 30 days were exposed to either mild or severe chronic restraint stress for 5 hours during seven consecutive days. After the last exposure to stress, rats were decapitated, the endocrine glands (pituitary and adrenal glands) were removed, weighted, and embedded in paraffin; histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

Clinicopathological features and outcome of surgical treatment of 149 patients with early (pT1) gastric cancer.

Background: Controversy exists concerning the definition of, treatment approach to, prognostic factors of and survival data on early gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: 149 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for carcinoma between 1972 and 2002 and were classified as having early gastric cancer (T1Nany) were included into a retrospective study. Patients were followed for a median of 5.

Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with metronidazole for resectable gastric cancer: long-term results of a phase 2 study.

Aim: Surgery remains the main treatment of stomach carcinoma. Poor long-term survival mandates the study of other techniques. An original treatment scheme with preoperative radiotherapy and metronidazole as a radiosensitizer is reported here.

Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: 20-years follow-up of a randomized trial.

Background And Objectives: The role of radiation therapy in resectable gastric cancer is questionable. To study the value of concentrated preoperative radiotherapy, a randomized clinical trial had been carried out.

Methods: From 1974 to 1978, 152 patients were randomized and underwent exploratory laparotomy; in 50 patients curative surgery was not possible, while 102 patients satisfied protocol requirements and entered in the trial.

[Fast neutrons in the treatment of malignant neoplasms].

More than 250 patients, mainly with locally advanced tumors of the head, neck and breast were treated with a I MeV beam of fast neutrons emitted from a BR-10 reactor. The fast neutron contribution to the total dose of the radical component of complex gamma-neutron therapy was 20-40%. Said modality was shown to improve the results of treatment for laryngeal and breast tumors.

[Pathomorphosis of laryngeal cancer after neutron and gamma-neutron therapy using fast neutrons of the reactor].

Studies of tumours and adjacent tissue were carried out in 29 patients with carcinoma of the larynx after preoperative irradiation with fast neurons at a total focal dose 5.6 Gy alone or in combination with gamma therapy. Pronounced pathomorphosis was established in all the cases, up to a full disappearance of the tumor in 2 patients, the degree of pathomorphosis did not depend on location, macroscopic form of growth, degree of dissemination.

[Biological markers of precancer of the large intestine].

Current views on focal defect in colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for development of tumours are presented. It is characterized by such phenotypical changes of the mucosa as cell proliferation activation, changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine synthesis, changes in the expression of the blood group antigens and associated carbohydrate antigens as well as the development of small adenomas. All these changes may be biological markers of colonic precancer.

[Combination treatment of rectal cancer using preoperative combination radiotherapy].

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of therapy of 122 rectal cancer patients divided into 2 groups by sex, age, tumor site, type of anatomical tumor growth, and stage of disease: I (72 patients)--combined therapy including preoperative radiotherapy and operation; II (50 patients)--surgery alone. Indications for combined therapy with preoperative irradiation were worked out. The results of histological investigation showed that this method brought about deep radiation injuries of tumors with minimum damage of the adjacent normal tissues.

[Thermoradiotherapy of rectal cancer].

Methods of combined and multimodality therapy are widely used for the treatment of malignant rectal tumors. However radical operation cannot be performed in 50% of patients, in some cases patients refuse surgery. In such cases patients are given a split course of radiation therapy using local heating of a tumor and a method of daily dose fractionation.

[A rare case of rupture of a syphilitic aortic aneurysm into the esophagus].

A case of the rupture of a syphilitic aortic aneurysm into the esophagus in a woman aged 64 with cured breast cancer was observed. A clinical picture, autopsy and microscopy findings were described. The authors underlined the rarity of the case, difficulty of intravital and morphological diagnosis which could be attributed to syphilis pathomorphosis.

[Cellular apoptosis: its morphology, biological role and the mechanisms of its development].

The literature review reports data on morphology, biological role and mechanisms of apoptosis as a special type of cell destruction. Apoptosis is very common in humans and animals in health and disease, and therefore needs further investigation.

[Theory and practice of the morphometry of human tumors].

It is stated that if adequate qualitative and quantitative knowledge of tumor development is to be gained, a systems approach must be used, in which a given process is considered as representing the sum total of hierarchically organized and interrelated parts, and that quantitative data on processes of tumor development are needed for cognitive, diagnostic, evaluative, and prognostic purposes.

[Morphometric cellular characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate in nonirradiated and irradiated rectal cancer].

A morphometric analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate cells of the stroma and adjacent tissue of adenocarcinomas of the rectum was performed in 40 patients. As to therapeutic modality, the patients were divided into 4 groups of 10 patients in each. The 1st group was given surgery only, the 2nd group preoperative gamma-therapy at a dose of 19.

[Use of metronidazole in the preoperative irradiation of stomach cancer patients].

Altogether 70 patients received combined therapy for stomach cancer. A course of gamma-beam therapy (a summary focal dose of 20 Gy) combined with metronidazole was given at the first stage. Three-five days after the discontinuation of radiation therapy the patients were operated upon.

[The Struktura apparatus for stereometric research].

An apparatus is proposed for the stereological analysis in medicine and biology. Its basic parts are as follows: a television microscope, video-control monitor with a morphometrical net, blocks of accumulation and original information processing.