The Arabidopsis ELF3 gene regulates vegetative photomorphogenesis and the photoperiodic induction of flowering.

Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana is promoted by longday (LD) photoperiods such that plants grown in LD flower earlier, and after the production of fewer leaves, than plants grown in short-day (SD) photoperiods. The early-flowering 3 (elf3) mutant of Arabidopsis, which is insensitive to photoperiod with regard to floral initiation has been characterized elf3 mutants are also altered in several aspects of vegetative photomorphogenesis, including hypocotyl elongation. When inhibition of hypocotyl elongation was measured, elf3 mutant seedlings were less responsive than wild-type to all wavelengths of light, and most notably defective in blue and green light-mediated inhibition.

Identification of genes expressed in the tobacco shoot apex during the floral transition.

The shoot apex of higher plants contains undifferentiated meristematic cells that serve as the origin of post-embryonic organs. The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth results in the commitment of the apical meristem to floral organ formation. To identify the molecular signals that initiate floral development, we have pursued the isolation of genes that are transcriptionally active in the shoot apex of tobacco during the transition from vegetative to floral growth.

The lethal lambda S gene encodes its own inhibitor.

The 107 codon reading frame of the lambda lysis gene S begins with the codon sequence Met1-Lys2-Met3...

Oligomerization of the bacteriophage lambda S protein in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli.

Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of cell extracts from induced bacteriophage lambda lysogens probed with S-protein-specific antibody (raised against an S--beta-galactosidase fusion protein) demonstrated that the bacteriophage lambda S protein begins to appear 10 min after phage induction and is localized to the inner membrane at all times during the lytic cycle. Between 100 and 1,000 molecules of S protein per cell were present at the time of phage-induced lysis. Western blots of chemically cross-linked membranes from induced lysogens showed a ladder of bands at 18, 24, 32, and 42 kilodaltons (the S-protein monomer ran at 8 kilodaltons) that reacted with anti-S-protein antibody.

Conservation of a dual-start motif in P22 lysis gene regulation.

Gene 13 of bacteriophage P22 is functionally equivalent to lambda lysis gene S. Gene S codes for two products, the polypeptides S105 and S107, produced from translational initiation events at the third and first codon, respectively. We have shown that the two polypeptides have opposing functions in lysis: S105 is the lethal lysis effector, and S107 acts as an inhibitor of lysis (U.

Peptide mapping of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Application to the reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein.

Complete peptide maps of reduced and S-carboxymethylated ribonuclease A were obtained by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the following peptide-chain cleavage techniques: cyanogen bromide cleavage, limited and extensive Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion, tryptic digestion, and tryptic followed by chymotryptic digestion. Commercial samples of S. aureus protease exhibited a broader specificity than had previously been reported, as demonstrated by its ability to cleave after glutamine residues.